如何忽略带有 System.Text.Json 的属性

项目
2025-05-08

将 C# 对象序列化为 JavaScript 对象表示法（JSON），默认情况下，将序列化所有公共属性。如果不希望其中一些内容显示在生成的 JSON 中，可以使用多个选项。本文介绍如何根据各种条件忽略属性：

单个属性
所有只读属性
所有空值属性
所有默认值属性

忽略单个属性

若要忽略单个属性，请使用 [JsonIgnore] 属性。

以下示例演示要序列化的类型。它还显示 JSON 输出：

public class WeatherForecastWithIgnoreAttribute
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }
    [JsonIgnore]
    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

Public Class WeatherForecastWithIgnoreAttribute
    Public Property [Date] As DateTimeOffset
    Public Property TemperatureCelsius As Integer

    <JsonIgnore>
    Public Property Summary As String

End Class

{
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
}

可以通过设置 [JsonIgnore] 属性 Condition 的属性来指定条件排除。 JsonIgnoreCondition枚举提供以下选项：

Always - 始终忽略该属性。 Condition如果未指定，则假定此选项。
Never - 无论全局设置DefaultIgnoreCondition、IgnoreReadOnlyProperties和IgnoreReadOnlyFields如何，属性始终会被序列化和反序列化。
WhenWritingDefault - 如果属性是引用类型、可以为 null 的值类型 null或值类型 null，则会在序列化时忽略该属性 default。
WhenWritingNull - 如果属性是引用类型或可为 null 的值类型nullnull，则在序列化时忽略该属性。

以下示例演示如何使用 [JsonIgnore] 属性 Condition ：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace JsonIgnoreAttributeExample
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault)]
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.Never)]
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = default,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast,options);

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{"TemperatureC":0}

Imports System.Text.Json
Imports System.Text.Json.Serialization

Namespace JsonIgnoreAttributeExample

    Public Class Forecast

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault)>
        Public Property [Date] As Date

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.Never)>
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)>
        Public Property Summary As String

    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With {
                .[Date] = CType(Nothing, Date),
                .Summary = Nothing,
                .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
                }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions() With {
                .DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
                }

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{"TemperatureC":0}

忽略所有只读属性

如果属性包含公共 getter 但不包含公共 setter，则属性为只读。若要在序列化时忽略所有只读属性，请将其设置为JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyPropertiestrue，如以下示例所示：

var options = new JsonSerializerOptions
{
    IgnoreReadOnlyProperties = true,
    WriteIndented = true
};
jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weatherForecast, options);

Dim options As JsonSerializerOptions = New JsonSerializerOptions With {
    .IgnoreReadOnlyProperties = True,
    .WriteIndented = True
}
jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weatherForecast, options)

以下示例演示要序列化的类型。它还显示 JSON 输出：

public class WeatherForecastWithROProperty
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }
    public string? Summary { get; set; }
    public int WindSpeedReadOnly { get; private set; } = 35;
}

Public Class WeatherForecastWithROProperty
    Public Property [Date] As DateTimeOffset
    Public Property TemperatureCelsius As Integer
    Public Property Summary As String
    Private _windSpeedReadOnly As Integer

    Public Property WindSpeedReadOnly As Integer
        Get
            Return _windSpeedReadOnly
        End Get
        Private Set(Value As Integer)
            _windSpeedReadOnly = Value
        End Set
    End Property

End Class

{
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
  "Summary": "Hot",
}

此选项仅适用于属性。若要在序列化字段时忽略只读字段，请使用 JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyFields 全局设置。

注释

即使 JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyProperties 设置为 true，只读集合类型属性仍会被序列化。

忽略所有 null 值属性

若要忽略所有 null 值属性，请将 DefaultIgnoreCondition 该属性设置为 WhenWritingNull，如以下示例所示：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace IgnoreNullOnSerialize
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, options);
            
            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{"Date":"2020-10-30T10:11:40.2359135-07:00","TemperatureC":0}

Imports System.Text.Json

Namespace IgnoreNullOnSerialize

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With
            {
            .[Date] = Date.Now,
            .Summary = Nothing,
            .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
            }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{"Date":"2020-10-30T10:11:40.2359135-07:00","TemperatureC":0}

忽略所有默认值属性

若要防止对值类型属性中的默认值进行序列化，请将 DefaultIgnoreCondition 该属性设置为 WhenWritingDefault，如以下示例所示：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace IgnoreValueDefaultOnSerialize
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, options);

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{ "Date":"2020-10-21T15:40:06.8920138-07:00"}

Imports System.Text.Json
Imports System.Text.Json.Serialization

Namespace IgnoreValueDefaultOnSerialize

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With
            {.[Date] = Date.Now,
              .Summary = Nothing,
              .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
            }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions() With {
                .DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            }

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{ "Date":"2020-10-21T15:40:06.8920138-07:00"}

该 WhenWritingDefault 设置还防止序列化 null 值引用类型和可以为 null 的值类型属性。

通过

如何忽略带有 System.Text.Json 的属性

忽略单个属性

忽略所有只读属性

忽略所有 null 值属性

忽略所有默认值属性

另请参阅

其他资源