如何使用反射发射动态生成泛型类型

2025-05-08

本文介绍如何创建具有两个类型参数的简单泛型类型、如何将类约束、接口约束和特殊约束应用于类型参数，以及如何创建将类的类型参数用作参数类型和返回类型的成员。

重要

方法不是泛型方法，只是因为它属于泛型类型并使用该类型的类型参数。仅当方法具有自己的类型参数列表时，该方法才为泛型方法。泛型类型的大多数方法不是泛型方法，如此示例所示。有关发出泛型方法的示例，请参阅 “如何：使用反射发出定义泛型方法”。

定义泛型类型

定义名为 .. 的 GenericEmitExample1动态程序集。在此示例中，将执行程序集并将其保存到磁盘，因此 AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave 已指定。

AppDomain myDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
AssemblyName myAsmName = new AssemblyName("GenericEmitExample1");
AssemblyBuilder myAssembly =
    myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(myAsmName,
        AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

Dim myDomain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
Dim myAsmName As New AssemblyName("GenericEmitExample1")
Dim myAssembly As AssemblyBuilder = myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly( _
    myAsmName, _
    AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave)

定义动态模块。程序集由可执行模块组成。对于单模块程序集，模块名称与程序集名称相同，文件名是模块名称加上扩展名。

ModuleBuilder myModule =
    myAssembly.DefineDynamicModule(myAsmName.Name,
       myAsmName.Name + ".dll");

Dim myModule As ModuleBuilder = myAssembly.DefineDynamicModule( _
    myAsmName.Name, _
    myAsmName.Name & ".dll")

定义类。在此示例中，类命名为Sample。

TypeBuilder myType =
    myModule.DefineType("Sample", TypeAttributes.Public);

Dim myType As TypeBuilder = myModule.DefineType( _
    "Sample", _
    TypeAttributes.Public)

要定义Sample的泛型类型参数，请将包含参数名称的字符串数组传递给TypeBuilder.DefineGenericParameters方法。这使得类成为泛型类型。返回值是表示类型参数的对象数组 GenericTypeParameterBuilder ，可在发出的代码中使用。

在以下代码中，Sample 成为一个带有类型参数 TFirst 和 TSecond 的泛型类型。为了使代码更易于读取，每个 GenericTypeParameterBuilder 代码都放置在与类型参数同名的变量中。

string[] typeParamNames = {"TFirst", "TSecond"};
GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] typeParams =
    myType.DefineGenericParameters(typeParamNames);

GenericTypeParameterBuilder TFirst = typeParams[0];
GenericTypeParameterBuilder TSecond = typeParams[1];

Dim typeParamNames() As String = {"TFirst", "TSecond"}
Dim typeParams() As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = _
    myType.DefineGenericParameters(typeParamNames)

Dim TFirst As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParams(0)
Dim TSecond As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParams(1)

向类型参数添加特殊约束。在此示例中，类型参数 TFirst 限制为具有无参数构造函数的类型以及引用类型。

TFirst.SetGenericParameterAttributes(
    GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint |
    GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint);

TFirst.SetGenericParameterAttributes( _
    GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint _
    Or GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint)

（可选）向类型参数添加类和接口约束。在此示例中，类型参数TFirst被限制为派生自由Type对象表示的基类类型，并且实现了其类型分别包含在变量baseType和interfaceA中的接口的类型。请参阅这些变量的声明和分配的代码示例。
```
TSecond.SetBaseTypeConstraint(baseType);
Type[] interfaceTypes = {interfaceA, interfaceB};
TSecond.SetInterfaceConstraints(interfaceTypes);
```
```
TSecond.SetBaseTypeConstraint(baseType)
Dim interfaceTypes() As Type = {interfaceA, interfaceB}
TSecond.SetInterfaceConstraints(interfaceTypes)
```

定义字段。在此示例中，字段的类型由类型参数 TFirst指定。 GenericTypeParameterBuilder 派生自 Type，因此可以在可以使用类型的任何位置使用泛型类型参数。

FieldBuilder exField =
    myType.DefineField("ExampleField", TFirst,
        FieldAttributes.Private);

Dim exField As FieldBuilder = _
    myType.DefineField("ExampleField", TFirst, _
        FieldAttributes.Private)

定义使用泛型类型的类型参数的方法。请注意，除非这些方法具有自己的类型参数列表，否则这些方法不是泛型方法。以下代码定义一个static方法（在 Visual Basic 中为Shared），该方法接收一个TFirst数组并返回一个List<TFirst>（在 Visual Basic 中为List(Of TFirst)），其中包含所有数组元素。若要定义此方法，必须通过调用List<TFirst>泛型类型定义MakeGenericType来创建类型List<T>。使用T运算符（在 Visual Basic 中为typeof）时，GetType会被省略以获取泛型类型定义。参数类型是使用 MakeArrayType 该方法创建的。
```
Type listOf = typeof(List<>);
Type listOfTFirst = listOf.MakeGenericType(TFirst);
Type[] mParamTypes = {TFirst.MakeArrayType()};

MethodBuilder exMethod =
    myType.DefineMethod("ExampleMethod",
        MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static,
        listOfTFirst,
        mParamTypes);
```
```
Dim listOf As Type = GetType(List(Of ))
Dim listOfTFirst As Type = listOf.MakeGenericType(TFirst)
Dim mParamTypes() As Type = {TFirst.MakeArrayType()}

Dim exMethod As MethodBuilder = _
    myType.DefineMethod("ExampleMethod", _
        MethodAttributes.Public Or MethodAttributes.Static, _
        listOfTFirst, _
        mParamTypes)
```
生成方法正文。方法体由三个操作码组成，这些操作码将输入数组加载到栈上，调用使用 List<TFirst> 的 IEnumerable<TFirst> 构造函数（负责将输入元素放到列表中），然后返回（将新的 List<T> 对象留在栈上）。发出此代码的困难部分是获取构造函数。

GetConstructor 方法在 GenericTypeParameterBuilder 上不受支持，因此无法直接获取 List<TFirst> 的构造函数。首先，必须获取泛型类型定义的 List<T> 构造函数，然后调用将它转换为相应构造函数 List<TFirst>的方法。

用于此代码示例的构造函数采用一个 IEnumerable<T>。但是，请注意，这不是IEnumerable<T>泛型接口的泛型类型定义，相反，必须用T的类型参数List<T>替换T的类型参数IEnumerable<T>。这可能看起来有些混乱，因为两种类型都有名为T的类型参数。这就是该代码示例使用TFirst和TSecond名称的原因。要获取构造函数参数的类型，请从泛型类型定义IEnumerable<T>开始，并使用MakeGenericType的第一个泛型类型参数来调用List<T>。构造函数参数列表必须作为数组传递，在本例中只有一个参数。

注释

使用 IEnumerable<> 运算符时，泛型类型定义在 C# 中表示为 typeof；使用 IEnumerable(Of ) 运算符时，在 Visual Basic 中表示为 GetType。

现在可以通过调用List<T>泛型类型定义来获取构造函数GetConstructor。要将此构造函数转换为List<TFirst>的相应构造函数，请将List<TFirst>和List<T>中的构造函数传递给静态TypeBuilder.GetConstructor(Type, ConstructorInfo)方法。
```
ILGenerator ilgen = exMethod.GetILGenerator();

Type ienumOf = typeof(IEnumerable<>);
Type TfromListOf = listOf.GetGenericArguments()[0];
Type ienumOfT = ienumOf.MakeGenericType(TfromListOf);
Type[] ctorArgs = {ienumOfT};

ConstructorInfo ctorPrep = listOf.GetConstructor(ctorArgs);
ConstructorInfo ctor =
    TypeBuilder.GetConstructor(listOfTFirst, ctorPrep);

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, ctor);
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
```
```
Dim ilgen As ILGenerator = exMethod.GetILGenerator()

Dim ienumOf As Type = GetType(IEnumerable(Of ))
Dim listOfTParams() As Type = listOf.GetGenericArguments()
Dim TfromListOf As Type = listOfTParams(0)
Dim ienumOfT As Type = ienumOf.MakeGenericType(TfromListOf)
Dim ctorArgs() As Type = {ienumOfT}

Dim ctorPrep As ConstructorInfo = _
    listOf.GetConstructor(ctorArgs)
Dim ctor As ConstructorInfo = _
    TypeBuilder.GetConstructor(listOfTFirst, ctorPrep)

ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, ctor)
ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)
```

创建类型并保存文件。

Type finished = myType.CreateType();
myAssembly.Save(myAsmName.Name+".dll");

Dim finished As Type = myType.CreateType()
myAssembly.Save(myAsmName.Name & ".dll")

调用该方法。 ExampleMethod 不是泛型类型，但它所属的类型为泛型，因此若要获取 MethodInfo 可调用的类型，必须从类型定义 Sample创建构造类型。构造类型使用类 Example，该类因是引用类型并带有默认无参数构造函数，故满足 TFirst 的约束，同时，类 ExampleDerived 满足 TSecond 的约束。（ExampleDerived 的代码可以在示例代码部分找到。）这两种类型是传递给 MakeGenericType 以创建构造类型的。然后使用MethodInfo方法获取GetMethod。
```
Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(Example), typeof(ExampleDerived)};
Type constructed = finished.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);
MethodInfo mi = constructed.GetMethod("ExampleMethod");
```
```
Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
    {GetType(Example), GetType(ExampleDerived)}
Dim constructed As Type = finished.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)
Dim mi As MethodInfo = constructed.GetMethod("ExampleMethod")
```

下面的代码创建一个对象数组 Example ，将该数组置于表示要调用的方法的参数的类型 Object 数组中，并将其传递给 Invoke(Object, Object[]) 该方法。方法的第一个参数 Invoke 是空引用，因为该方法是 static。

Example[] input = {new Example(), new Example()};
object[] arguments = {input};

List<Example> listX =
    (List<Example>) mi.Invoke(null, arguments);

Console.WriteLine($"\nThere are {listX.Count} elements in the List<Example>.");

Dim input() As Example = {New Example(), New Example()}
Dim arguments() As Object = {input}

Dim listX As List(Of Example) = mi.Invoke(Nothing, arguments)

Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
    "There are {0} elements in the List(Of Example).", _
    listX.Count _
)

示例：

下面的代码示例定义一 Sample个名为的类以及一个基类和两个接口。该程序定义了两个泛型类型参数 Sample，将其转换为泛型类型。类型参数是唯一创建类型泛型的东西。程序通过显示类型参数定义前后的测试消息来显示此消息。

类型参数 TSecond 用于演示类和接口约束，使用基类和接口，类型参数 TFirst 用于演示特殊约束。

该代码示例使用类的类型参数来定义字段的类型，以及方法的参数类型和返回类型。

Sample创建类后，将调用该方法。

该程序包括列出泛型类型的相关信息的方法，以及列出类型参数的特殊约束的方法。这些方法用于显示有关已完成 Sample 类的信息。

程序将完成的模块保存为 GenericEmitExample1.dll磁盘，因此可以使用 Ildasm.exe（IL 反汇编程序）将其打开，并检查类的 Sample CIL。

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Collections.Generic;

// Define a trivial base class and two trivial interfaces
// to use when demonstrating constraints.
//
public class ExampleBase {}

public interface IExampleA {}

public interface IExampleB {}

// Define a trivial type that can substitute for type parameter
// TSecond.
//
public class ExampleDerived : ExampleBase, IExampleA, IExampleB {}

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Define a dynamic assembly to contain the sample type. The
        // assembly will not be run, but only saved to disk, so
        // AssemblyBuilderAccess.Save is specified.
        //
        AppDomain myDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
        AssemblyName myAsmName = new AssemblyName("GenericEmitExample1");
        AssemblyBuilder myAssembly =
            myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(myAsmName,
                AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

        // An assembly is made up of executable modules. For a single-
        // module assembly, the module name and file name are the same
        // as the assembly name.
        //
        ModuleBuilder myModule =
            myAssembly.DefineDynamicModule(myAsmName.Name,
               myAsmName.Name + ".dll");

        // Get type objects for the base class trivial interfaces to
        // be used as constraints.
        //
        Type baseType = typeof(ExampleBase);
        Type interfaceA = typeof(IExampleA);
        Type interfaceB = typeof(IExampleB);

        // Define the sample type.
        //
        TypeBuilder myType =
            myModule.DefineType("Sample", TypeAttributes.Public);

        Console.WriteLine($"Type 'Sample' is generic: {myType.IsGenericType}");

        // Define type parameters for the type. Until you do this,
        // the type is not generic, as the preceding and following
        // WriteLine statements show. The type parameter names are
        // specified as an array of strings. To make the code
        // easier to read, each GenericTypeParameterBuilder is placed
        // in a variable with the same name as the type parameter.
        //
        string[] typeParamNames = {"TFirst", "TSecond"};
        GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] typeParams =
            myType.DefineGenericParameters(typeParamNames);

        GenericTypeParameterBuilder TFirst = typeParams[0];
        GenericTypeParameterBuilder TSecond = typeParams[1];

        Console.WriteLine($"Type 'Sample' is generic: {myType.IsGenericType}");

        // Apply constraints to the type parameters.
        //
        // A type that is substituted for the first parameter, TFirst,
        // must be a reference type and must have a parameterless
        // constructor.
        TFirst.SetGenericParameterAttributes(
            GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint |
            GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint);

        // A type that is substituted for the second type
        // parameter must implement IExampleA and IExampleB, and
        // inherit from the trivial test class ExampleBase. The
        // interface constraints are specified as an array
        // containing the interface types.
        TSecond.SetBaseTypeConstraint(baseType);
        Type[] interfaceTypes = {interfaceA, interfaceB};
        TSecond.SetInterfaceConstraints(interfaceTypes);

        // The following code adds a private field named ExampleField,
        // of type TFirst.
        FieldBuilder exField =
            myType.DefineField("ExampleField", TFirst,
                FieldAttributes.Private);

        // Define a static method that takes an array of TFirst and
        // returns a List<TFirst> containing all the elements of
        // the array. To define this method it is necessary to create
        // the type List<TFirst> by calling MakeGenericType on the
        // generic type definition, List<T>. (The T is omitted with
        // the typeof operator when you get the generic type
        // definition.) The parameter type is created by using the
        // MakeArrayType method.
        //
        Type listOf = typeof(List<>);
        Type listOfTFirst = listOf.MakeGenericType(TFirst);
        Type[] mParamTypes = {TFirst.MakeArrayType()};

        MethodBuilder exMethod =
            myType.DefineMethod("ExampleMethod",
                MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static,
                listOfTFirst,
                mParamTypes);

        // Emit the method body.
        // The method body consists of just three opcodes, to load
        // the input array onto the execution stack, to call the
        // List<TFirst> constructor that takes IEnumerable<TFirst>,
        // which does all the work of putting the input elements into
        // the list, and to return, leaving the list on the stack. The
        // hard work is getting the constructor.
        //
        // The GetConstructor method is not supported on a
        // GenericTypeParameterBuilder, so it is not possible to get
        // the constructor of List<TFirst> directly. There are two
        // steps, first getting the constructor of List<T> and then
        // calling a method that converts it to the corresponding
        // constructor of List<TFirst>.
        //
        // The constructor needed here is the one that takes an
        // IEnumerable<T>. Note, however, that this is not the
        // generic type definition of IEnumerable<T>; instead, the
        // T from List<T> must be substituted for the T of
        // IEnumerable<T>. (This seems confusing only because both
        // types have type parameters named T. That is why this example
        // uses the somewhat silly names TFirst and TSecond.) To get
        // the type of the constructor argument, take the generic
        // type definition IEnumerable<T> (expressed as
        // IEnumerable<> when you use the typeof operator) and
        // call MakeGenericType with the first generic type parameter
        // of List<T>. The constructor argument list must be passed
        // as an array, with just one argument in this case.
        //
        // Now it is possible to get the constructor of List<T>,
        // using GetConstructor on the generic type definition. To get
        // the constructor of List<TFirst>, pass List<TFirst> and
        // the constructor from List<T> to the static
        // TypeBuilder.GetConstructor method.
        //
        ILGenerator ilgen = exMethod.GetILGenerator();

        Type ienumOf = typeof(IEnumerable<>);
        Type TfromListOf = listOf.GetGenericArguments()[0];
        Type ienumOfT = ienumOf.MakeGenericType(TfromListOf);
        Type[] ctorArgs = {ienumOfT};

        ConstructorInfo ctorPrep = listOf.GetConstructor(ctorArgs);
        ConstructorInfo ctor =
            TypeBuilder.GetConstructor(listOfTFirst, ctorPrep);

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, ctor);
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

        // Create the type and save the assembly.
        Type finished = myType.CreateType();
        myAssembly.Save(myAsmName.Name+".dll");

        // Invoke the method.
        // ExampleMethod is not generic, but the type it belongs to is
        // generic, so in order to get a MethodInfo that can be invoked
        // it is necessary to create a constructed type. The Example
        // class satisfies the constraints on TFirst, because it is a
        // reference type and has a default constructor. In order to
        // have a class that satisfies the constraints on TSecond,
        // this code example defines the ExampleDerived type. These
        // two types are passed to MakeGenericMethod to create the
        // constructed type.
        //
        Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(Example), typeof(ExampleDerived)};
        Type constructed = finished.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);
        MethodInfo mi = constructed.GetMethod("ExampleMethod");

        // Create an array of Example objects, as input to the generic
        // method. This array must be passed as the only element of an
        // array of arguments. The first argument of Invoke is
        // null, because ExampleMethod is static. Display the count
        // on the resulting List<Example>.
        //
        Example[] input = {new Example(), new Example()};
        object[] arguments = {input};

        List<Example> listX =
            (List<Example>) mi.Invoke(null, arguments);

        Console.WriteLine($"\nThere are {listX.Count} elements in the List<Example>.");

        DisplayGenericParameters(finished);
    }

    private static void DisplayGenericParameters(Type t)
    {
        if (!t.IsGenericType)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Type '{0}' is not generic.");
            return;
        }
        if (!t.IsGenericTypeDefinition)
        {
            t = t.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
        }

        Type[] typeParameters = t.GetGenericArguments();
        Console.WriteLine($"\nListing {typeParameters.Length} type parameters for type '{t}'.");

        foreach( Type tParam in typeParameters )
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"""
            
            Type parameter {tParam.ToString()}:
            """);

            foreach( Type c in tParam.GetGenericParameterConstraints() )
            {
                if (c.IsInterface)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"    Interface constraint: {c}");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"    Base type constraint: {c}");
                }
            }

            ListConstraintAttributes(tParam);
        }
    }

    // List the constraint flags. The GenericParameterAttributes
    // enumeration contains two sets of attributes, variance and
    // constraints. For this example, only constraints are used.
    //
    private static void ListConstraintAttributes(Type t)
    {
        // Mask off the constraint flags.
        GenericParameterAttributes constraints =
            t.GenericParameterAttributes & GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask;

        if ((constraints & GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint)
            != GenericParameterAttributes.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("    ReferenceTypeConstraint");
        }

        if ((constraints & GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint)
            != GenericParameterAttributes.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("    NotNullableValueTypeConstraint");
        }

        if ((constraints & GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint)
            !=GenericParameterAttributes.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("    DefaultConstructorConstraint");
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Type 'Sample' is generic: False
Type 'Sample' is generic: True

There are 2 elements in the List<Example>.

Listing 2 type parameters for type 'Sample[TFirst,TSecond]'.

Type parameter TFirst:
    ReferenceTypeConstraint
    DefaultConstructorConstraint

Type parameter TSecond:
    Interface constraint: IExampleA
    Interface constraint: IExampleB
    Base type constraint: ExampleBase
 */

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit
Imports System.Collections.Generic

' Define a trivial base class and two trivial interfaces 
' to use when demonstrating constraints.
'
Public Class ExampleBase
End Class

Public Interface IExampleA
End Interface

Public Interface IExampleB
End Interface

' Define a trivial type that can substitute for type parameter 
' TSecond.
'
Public Class ExampleDerived
    Inherits ExampleBase
    Implements IExampleA, IExampleB
End Class

Public Class Example
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Define a dynamic assembly to contain the sample type. The
        ' assembly will not be run, but only saved to disk, so
        ' AssemblyBuilderAccess.Save is specified.
        '
        Dim myDomain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
        Dim myAsmName As New AssemblyName("GenericEmitExample1")
        Dim myAssembly As AssemblyBuilder = myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly( _
            myAsmName, _
            AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave)

        ' An assembly is made up of executable modules. For a single-
        ' module assembly, the module name and file name are the same 
        ' as the assembly name. 
        '
        Dim myModule As ModuleBuilder = myAssembly.DefineDynamicModule( _
            myAsmName.Name, _
            myAsmName.Name & ".dll")

        ' Get type objects for the base class trivial interfaces to
        ' be used as constraints.
        '
        Dim baseType As Type = GetType(ExampleBase)
        Dim interfaceA As Type = GetType(IExampleA)
        Dim interfaceB As Type = GetType(IExampleB)

        ' Define the sample type.
        '
        Dim myType As TypeBuilder = myModule.DefineType( _
            "Sample", _
            TypeAttributes.Public)

        Console.WriteLine("Type 'Sample' is generic: {0}", _
            myType.IsGenericType)

        ' Define type parameters for the type. Until you do this, 
        ' the type is not generic, as the preceding and following 
        ' WriteLine statements show. The type parameter names are
        ' specified as an array of strings. To make the code
        ' easier to read, each GenericTypeParameterBuilder is placed
        ' in a variable with the same name as the type parameter.
        ' 
        Dim typeParamNames() As String = {"TFirst", "TSecond"}
        Dim typeParams() As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = _
            myType.DefineGenericParameters(typeParamNames)

        Dim TFirst As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParams(0)
        Dim TSecond As GenericTypeParameterBuilder = typeParams(1)

        Console.WriteLine("Type 'Sample' is generic: {0}", _
            myType.IsGenericType)

        ' Apply constraints to the type parameters.
        '
        ' A type that is substituted for the first parameter, TFirst,
        ' must be a reference type and must have a parameterless
        ' constructor.
        TFirst.SetGenericParameterAttributes( _
            GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint _
            Or GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint)

        ' A type that is substituted for the second type
        ' parameter must implement IExampleA and IExampleB, and
        ' inherit from the trivial test class ExampleBase. The
        ' interface constraints are specified as an array 
        ' containing the interface types.
        TSecond.SetBaseTypeConstraint(baseType)
        Dim interfaceTypes() As Type = {interfaceA, interfaceB}
        TSecond.SetInterfaceConstraints(interfaceTypes)

        ' The following code adds a private field named ExampleField,
        ' of type TFirst.
        Dim exField As FieldBuilder = _
            myType.DefineField("ExampleField", TFirst, _
                FieldAttributes.Private)

        ' Define a Shared method that takes an array of TFirst and 
        ' returns a List(Of TFirst) containing all the elements of 
        ' the array. To define this method it is necessary to create
        ' the type List(Of TFirst) by calling MakeGenericType on the
        ' generic type definition, List(Of T). (The T is omitted with
        ' the GetType operator when you get the generic type 
        ' definition.) The parameter type is created by using the
        ' MakeArrayType method. 
        '
        Dim listOf As Type = GetType(List(Of ))
        Dim listOfTFirst As Type = listOf.MakeGenericType(TFirst)
        Dim mParamTypes() As Type = {TFirst.MakeArrayType()}

        Dim exMethod As MethodBuilder = _
            myType.DefineMethod("ExampleMethod", _
                MethodAttributes.Public Or MethodAttributes.Static, _
                listOfTFirst, _
                mParamTypes)

        ' Emit the method body. 
        ' The method body consists of just three opcodes, to load 
        ' the input array onto the execution stack, to call the 
        ' List(Of TFirst) constructor that takes IEnumerable(Of TFirst),
        ' which does all the work of putting the input elements into
        ' the list, and to return, leaving the list on the stack. The
        ' hard work is getting the constructor.
        ' 
        ' The GetConstructor method is not supported on a 
        ' GenericTypeParameterBuilder, so it is not possible to get 
        ' the constructor of List(Of TFirst) directly. There are two
        ' steps, first getting the constructor of List(Of T) and then
        ' calling a method that converts it to the corresponding 
        ' constructor of List(Of TFirst).
        '
        ' The constructor needed here is the one that takes an
        ' IEnumerable(Of T). Note, however, that this is not the 
        ' generic type definition of IEnumerable(Of T); instead, the
        ' T from List(Of T) must be substituted for the T of 
        ' IEnumerable(Of T). (This seems confusing only because both
        ' types have type parameters named T. That is why this example
        ' uses the somewhat silly names TFirst and TSecond.) To get
        ' the type of the constructor argument, take the generic
        ' type definition IEnumerable(Of T) (expressed as 
        ' IEnumerable(Of ) when you use the GetType operator) and 
        ' call MakeGenericType with the first generic type parameter
        ' of List(Of T). The constructor argument list must be passed
        ' as an array, with just one argument in this case.
        ' 
        ' Now it is possible to get the constructor of List(Of T),
        ' using GetConstructor on the generic type definition. To get
        ' the constructor of List(Of TFirst), pass List(Of TFirst) and
        ' the constructor from List(Of T) to the static
        ' TypeBuilder.GetConstructor method.
        '
        Dim ilgen As ILGenerator = exMethod.GetILGenerator()

        Dim ienumOf As Type = GetType(IEnumerable(Of ))
        Dim listOfTParams() As Type = listOf.GetGenericArguments()
        Dim TfromListOf As Type = listOfTParams(0)
        Dim ienumOfT As Type = ienumOf.MakeGenericType(TfromListOf)
        Dim ctorArgs() As Type = {ienumOfT}

        Dim ctorPrep As ConstructorInfo = _
            listOf.GetConstructor(ctorArgs)
        Dim ctor As ConstructorInfo = _
            TypeBuilder.GetConstructor(listOfTFirst, ctorPrep)

        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, ctor)
        ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

        ' Create the type and save the assembly. 
        Dim finished As Type = myType.CreateType()
        myAssembly.Save(myAsmName.Name & ".dll")

        ' Invoke the method.
        ' ExampleMethod is not generic, but the type it belongs to is
        ' generic, so in order to get a MethodInfo that can be invoked
        ' it is necessary to create a constructed type. The Example 
        ' class satisfies the constraints on TFirst, because it is a 
        ' reference type and has a default constructor. In order to
        ' have a class that satisfies the constraints on TSecond, 
        ' this code example defines the ExampleDerived type. These
        ' two types are passed to MakeGenericMethod to create the
        ' constructed type.
        '
        Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
            {GetType(Example), GetType(ExampleDerived)}
        Dim constructed As Type = finished.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)
        Dim mi As MethodInfo = constructed.GetMethod("ExampleMethod")

        ' Create an array of Example objects, as input to the generic
        ' method. This array must be passed as the only element of an 
        ' array of arguments. The first argument of Invoke is 
        ' Nothing, because ExampleMethod is Shared. Display the count
        ' on the resulting List(Of Example).
        ' 
        Dim input() As Example = {New Example(), New Example()}
        Dim arguments() As Object = {input}

        Dim listX As List(Of Example) = mi.Invoke(Nothing, arguments)

        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & _
            "There are {0} elements in the List(Of Example).", _
            listX.Count _
        )

        DisplayGenericParameters(finished)
    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericParameters(ByVal t As Type)

        If Not t.IsGenericType Then
            Console.WriteLine("Type '{0}' is not generic.")
            Return
        End If
        If Not t.IsGenericTypeDefinition Then _
            t = t.GetGenericTypeDefinition()

        Dim typeParameters() As Type = t.GetGenericArguments()
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & _
            "Listing {0} type parameters for type '{1}'.", _
            typeParameters.Length, t)

        For Each tParam As Type In typeParameters

            Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Type parameter {0}:", _
                tParam.ToString())

            For Each c As Type In tParam.GetGenericParameterConstraints()
                If c.IsInterface Then
                    Console.WriteLine("    Interface constraint: {0}", c)
                Else
                    Console.WriteLine("    Base type constraint: {0}", c)
                End If
            Next

            ListConstraintAttributes(tParam)
        Next tParam
    End Sub

    ' List the constraint flags. The GenericParameterAttributes
    ' enumeration contains two sets of attributes, variance and
    ' constraints. For this example, only constraints are used.
    '
    Private Shared Sub ListConstraintAttributes(ByVal t As Type)

        ' Mask off the constraint flags. 
        Dim constraints As GenericParameterAttributes = _
            t.GenericParameterAttributes And _
            GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask

        If (constraints And GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint) _
                <> GenericParameterAttributes.None Then _
            Console.WriteLine("    ReferenceTypeConstraint")

        If (constraints And GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint) _
                <> GenericParameterAttributes.None Then _
            Console.WriteLine("    NotNullableValueTypeConstraint")

        If (constraints And GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint) _
                <> GenericParameterAttributes.None Then _
            Console.WriteLine("    DefaultConstructorConstraint")

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'Type 'Sample' is generic: False
'Type 'Sample' is generic: True
'
'There are 2 elements in the List(Of Example).
'
'Listing 2 type parameters for type 'Sample[TFirst,TSecond]'.
'
'Type parameter TFirst:
'    ReferenceTypeConstraint
'    DefaultConstructorConstraint
'
'Type parameter TSecond:
'    Interface constraint: IExampleA
'    Interface constraint: IExampleB
'    Base type constraint: ExampleBase

通过

如何使用反射发射动态生成泛型类型

定义泛型类型

示例：

另请参阅

其他资源