导航历史记录和向后导航 - UWP applications

2025-06-10

重要 API： Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame 类、 Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Page 类、 Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation 命名空间、 OnNavigatedTo

若要在应用中实现向后导航，请在应用的 UI 左上角放置后退按钮。用户期望后退按钮导航到应用的导航历史记录中的上一位置。默认情况下，Frame 控件会在其 BackStack 和 ForwardStack 中记录导航动作。不过，你可以更改哪些导航操作会被添加到导航历史记录中。

对于具有多个页面的大多数应用，建议使用 NavigationView 控件为应用提供导航框架。它适应各种屏幕大小，支持顶部和左侧导航样式。如果你的应用使用 NavigationView 控件，那么你可以使用 NavigationView 的内置后退按钮。

注释

在不使用控件的情况下实现导航 NavigationView 时，应使用本文中的准则和示例。如果使用 NavigationView，此信息提供了有用的背景知识，但应使用 NavigationView 文章中的特定指导和示例。

“后退”按钮

若要创建后退按钮，请使用带有样式的 Button 控件 NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle ，并将该按钮放置在应用的 UI 左上角（有关详细信息，请参阅下面的 XAML 代码示例）。

应用的 UI 中左上角的“后退”按钮

<Page>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <Button x:Name="BackButton"
                Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back"/>

    </Grid>
</Page>

如果应用具有顶部 CommandBar，请将 Button 控件 CommandBar.Content 置于该区域中。

<Page>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        
        <CommandBar>
            <CommandBar.Content>
                <Button x:Name="BackButton"
                        Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                        IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                        ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back" 
                        VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
            </CommandBar.Content>
        
            <AppBarButton Icon="Delete" Label="Delete"/>
            <AppBarButton Icon="Save" Label="Save"/>
        </CommandBar>
    </Grid>
</Page>

为了尽量减少应用程序中 UI 元素的移动，当返回栈中没有任何内容时，显示一个不可用的后退按钮（IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}"）。但是，如果您预计应用程序不会有返回栈，那么根本不需要显示返回按钮。

后退按钮状态

针对不同的设备和输入进行优化

此向后导航设计指南适用于所有设备，但如果针对不同的外形规格和输入方法进行优化，用户将受益。在后退按钮单击之外，建议处理以下事件，以支持最为常见的后退导航输入。

事件 / 活动	输入
CoreDispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated	Alt+左箭头键 VirtualKey.GoBack
SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested (系统导航管理器.请求返回)	Windows + Backspace、游戏手柄B按钮，平板模式返回按钮硬件后退按钮
CoreWindow.PointerPressed	VirtualKey.XButton1 （如在一些老鼠身上找到的后退按钮）。

代码示例

本部分演示如何使用各种输入处理后退导航。

至少需要处理后退按钮 Click 事件并提供执行后退导航的代码。当 Backstack 为空时，还应禁用后退按钮。

此示例代码演示如何使用后退按钮实现向后导航行为。代码对 Button 的 Click 事件作出响应以进行导航。在 OnNavigatedTo 方法中启用或禁用后退按钮，该方法在导航到新页面时调用。

代码在 MainPage中显示，但是需要将此代码添加到支持后退导航的每个页面。为了避免重复，可以将导航相关代码放在 App 代码隐藏页的 App.xaml.* 类中。

<!-- MainPage.xaml -->
<Page x:Class="AppName.MainPage">
...
        <Button x:Name="BackButton" Click="BackButton_Click"
                Style="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"
                IsEnabled="{x:Bind Frame.CanGoBack, Mode=OneWay}" 
                ToolTipService.ToolTip="Back"/>
...
<Page/>

代码隐藏：

// MainPage.xaml.cs
private void BackButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    App.TryGoBack();
}

// App.xaml.cs
//
// Add this method to the App class.
public static bool TryGoBack()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoBack)
    {
        rootFrame.GoBack();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// MainPage.h
#include "App.h"

namespace winrt::AppName::implementation
{
    struct MainPage : MainPageT<MainPage>
    {
        MainPage();
 
        void MainPage::BackButton_Click(IInspectable const&, RoutedEventArgs const&)
        {
            App::TryGoBack();
        }
    };
}

// App.h
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Core.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.System.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Input.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Xaml.Input.h"
 
using namespace winrt;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::UI::Core;
using namespace Windows::UI::Input;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls;

struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

    // Perform back navigation if possible.
    static bool TryGoBack()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoBack())
            {
                rootFrame.GoBack();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
};

支持访问密钥

键盘支持是确保应用程序适用于具有不同技能、能力和期望的用户不可或缺的一部分。我们建议你支持前向和后退导航的快捷键，因为依赖这些键的用户需要这两者。有关详细信息，请参阅键盘交互和键盘加速器。

前向和后退导航的常见快捷键是 Alt+右箭头键（前进）和 Alt+左箭头键（后退）。若要支持这些键进行导航，请处理 CoreDispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated 事件。你处理直接在窗口上的事件（而不是页面上的某个元素），这样应用程序在不考虑焦点在哪个元素上的情况下响应快捷键。

将代码添加到 App 类以支持快捷键和向前导航，如下所示。（假定已添加支持后退按钮的上一个代码。可以在代码示例部分末尾查看所有 App 代码。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunched.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed += OnNavigationFailed;

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated +=
            CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// Add this code after the TryGoBack method added previously.
// Perform forward navigation if possible.
private bool TryGoForward()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoForward)
    {
        rootFrame.GoForward();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
// Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
// doesn't have focus.
private void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher sender, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs e)
{
    // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
    // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
    if (e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.SystemKeyDown
        && (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left || e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        && e.KeyStatus.IsMenuKeyDown == true
        && !e.Handled)
    {
        if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoBack();
        }
        else if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoForward();
        }
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed({ this, &App::OnNavigationFailed });

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().Dispatcher().
            AcceleratorKeyActivated({ this, &App::CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...
    // Add this code after the TryGoBack method added previously.

private:
    // Perform forward navigation if possible.
    bool TryGoForward()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoForward())
            {
                rootFrame.GoForward();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
 
 
    // Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
    // Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
    // doesn't have focus.
    void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher const& /* sender */, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
        // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
        if (e.EventType() == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType::SystemKeyDown
            && (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left || e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            && e.KeyStatus().IsMenuKeyDown
            && !e.Handled())
        {
            if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoBack());
            }
            else if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoForward());
            }
        }
    }
};

处理系统回退请求

Windows 设备提供了各种方法，系统可以通过各种方式将后退导航请求传递给应用。一些常见方法是游戏板上的 B 按钮、Windows 键 + Backspace 键快捷方式或平板电脑模式下的系统后退按钮;可用的确切选项取决于设备。

您可以通过为 SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested 事件注册侦听器，来支持来自硬件和软件系统返回键的系统提供的后退请求。

下面是添加到 App 类的代码，以支持系统提供的返回请求。（假定已添加支持后退按钮的上一个代码。可以在代码示例部分末尾查看所有 App 代码。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunced.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().BackRequested 
            += System_BackRequested;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...
// Handle system back requests.
private void System_BackRequested(object sender, BackRequestedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!e.Handled)
    {
        e.Handled = TryGoBack();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager::GetForCurrentView().
            BackRequested({ this, &App::System_BackRequested });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

private:
    // ...

    // Handle system back requests.
    void System_BackRequested(IInspectable const& /* sender */, BackRequestedEventArgs const& e)
    {
        if (!e.Handled())
        {
            e.Handled(TryGoBack());
        }
    }
};

系统后退行为以实现向后兼容性

以前，UWP 应用使用 SystemNavigationManager.AppViewBackButtonVisibility 显示或隐藏用于向后导航的系统后退按钮。（此按钮引发 SystemNavigationManager.BackRequested 事件。）此 API 将继续受支持，以确保向后兼容性，但我们不再建议使用公开的 AppViewBackButtonVisibility后退按钮。相反，您应该提供您自己的应用内后退按钮，如本文所述。

如果您继续使用 AppViewBackButtonVisibility，系统 UI 将在标题栏内呈现系统返回按钮。（后退按钮的外观和用户交互与以前的版本保持不变。

某些鼠标提供用于向前和后退导航的硬件导航按钮。您可以通过处理 CoreWindow.PointerPressed 事件，并检查 IsXButton1Pressed（后退）或 IsXButton2Pressed（前进），来支持这些鼠标按钮。

下面是添加到 App 类以支持鼠标按钮导航的代码。（假定已添加支持后退按钮的上一个代码。可以在代码示例部分末尾查看所有 App 代码。

// App.xaml.cs
// Add event handler in OnLaunced.
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for system back requests. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.PointerPressed += CoreWindow_PointerPressed;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// Handle mouse back button.
private void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow sender, PointerEventArgs e)
{
    // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'.
    if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton1Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoBack();
    }
    else if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton2Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoForward();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // Add support for system back requests. 
        // ... (Previously added code.)

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().
            PointerPressed({ this, &App::CoreWindow_PointerPressed });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

private:
    // ...

    // Handle mouse forward and back buttons.
    void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow const& /* sender */, PointerEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'. 
        if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton1Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoBack());
        }
        else if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton2Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoForward());
        }
    }
};

添加到 App 类的所有代码

// App.xaml.cs
//
// (Add event handlers in OnLaunched override.)
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == null)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed += OnNavigationFailed;

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.AcceleratorKeyActivated +=
            CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated;

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().BackRequested 
            += System_BackRequested;

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window.Current.CoreWindow.PointerPressed += CoreWindow_PointerPressed;

        // ...

    }
}

// ...

// (Add these methods to the App class.)
public static bool TryGoBack()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoBack)
    {
        rootFrame.GoBack();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Perform forward navigation if possible.
private bool TryGoForward()
{
    Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
    if (rootFrame.CanGoForward)
    {
        rootFrame.GoForward();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
// Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
// doesn't have focus.
private void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher sender, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs e)
{
    // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
    // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
    if (e.EventType == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType.SystemKeyDown
        && (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left || e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        && e.KeyStatus.IsMenuKeyDown == true
        && !e.Handled)
    {
        if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Left)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoBack();
        }
        else if (e.VirtualKey == VirtualKey.Right)
        {
            e.Handled = TryGoForward();
        }
    }
}

// Handle system back requests.
private void System_BackRequested(object sender, BackRequestedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!e.Handled)
    {
        e.Handled = TryGoBack();
    }
}

// Handle mouse back button.
private void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow sender, PointerEventArgs e)
{
    // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'.
    if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton1Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoBack();
    }
    else if (e.CurrentPoint.Properties.IsXButton2Pressed)
    {
        e.Handled = !TryGoForward();
    }
}

// App.cpp
void App::OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs const& e)
{
    // ...
    // Do not repeat app initialization when the Window already has content,
    // just ensure that the window is active
    if (rootFrame == nullptr)
    {
        // ...
        // rootFrame.NavigationFailed({ this, &App::OnNavigationFailed });

        // Add support for accelerator keys. 
        // Listen to the window directly so the app responds
        // to accelerator keys regardless of which element has focus.
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().Dispatcher().
            AcceleratorKeyActivated({ this, &App::CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated });

        // Add support for system back requests. 
        SystemNavigationManager::GetForCurrentView().
            BackRequested({ this, &App::System_BackRequested });

        // Add support for mouse navigation buttons. 
        Window::Current().CoreWindow().
            PointerPressed({ this, &App::CoreWindow_PointerPressed });

        // ...
    }
}

// App.h
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Core.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.System.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Input.h"
#include "winrt/Windows.UI.Xaml.Input.h"
 
using namespace winrt;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::UI::Core;
using namespace Windows::UI::Input;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls;

struct App : AppT<App>
{
    App();

    // ...

    // Perform back navigation if possible.
    static bool TryGoBack()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoBack())
            {
                rootFrame.GoBack();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
private:
    // Perform forward navigation if possible.
    bool TryGoForward()
    {
        Frame rootFrame{ nullptr };
        auto content = Window::Current().Content();
        if (content)
        {
            rootFrame = content.try_as<Frame>();
            if (rootFrame.CanGoForward())
            {
                rootFrame.GoForward();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
  
    // Invoked on every keystroke, including system keys such as Alt key combinations.
    // Used to detect keyboard navigation between pages even when the page itself
    // doesn't have focus.
    void CoreDispatcher_AcceleratorKeyActivated(CoreDispatcher const& /* sender */, AcceleratorKeyEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // When Alt+Left are pressed navigate back.
        // When Alt+Right are pressed navigate forward.
        if (e.EventType() == CoreAcceleratorKeyEventType::SystemKeyDown
            && (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left || e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            && e.KeyStatus().IsMenuKeyDown
            && !e.Handled())
        {
            if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Left)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoBack());
            }
            else if (e.VirtualKey() == Windows::System::VirtualKey::Right)
            {
                e.Handled(TryGoForward());
            }
        }
    }

    // Handle system back requests.
    void System_BackRequested(IInspectable const& /* sender */, BackRequestedEventArgs const& e)
    {
        if (!e.Handled())
        {
            e.Handled(TryGoBack());
        }
    }

    // Handle mouse forward and back buttons.
    void CoreWindow_PointerPressed(CoreWindow const& /* sender */, PointerEventArgs const& e)
    {
        // For this event, e.Handled arrives as 'true'. 
        if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton1Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoBack());
        }
        else if (e.CurrentPoint().Properties().IsXButton2Pressed())
        {
            e.Handled(!TryGoForward());
        }
    }
};

继续

当用户切换到另一个应用并返回到你的应用时，我们建议返回到导航历史记录中的最后一页。

导航基础知识

通过

UWP 应用的后退导航

“后退”按钮

针对不同的设备和输入进行优化

代码示例

后退按钮和后退导航

支持访问密钥

处理系统回退请求

系统后退行为以实现向后兼容性

处理鼠标导航按钮

添加到 App 类的所有代码

继续

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