如何在配置中指定客户端绑定

2025-04-07

在此示例中，将创建一个客户端控制台应用程序以使用计算器服务，并在配置中以声明方式指定该客户端的绑定。该客户端访问实现了 CalculatorService 接口的 ICalculator，并且服务和客户端都使用 BasicHttpBinding 类。

概述的过程假定计算器服务正在运行。有关如何生成服务的信息，请参阅如何：在配置中指定服务绑定。它还使用 Windows Communication Foundation （WCF）提供的 ServiceModel 元数据实用工具工具（Svcutil.exe ）自动生成客户端组件。该工具生成用于访问服务的客户端代码和配置。

客户端由两个部分构成。 Svcutil.exe 生成的 ClientCalculator 实现了 ICalculator 接口。然后，通过构造一 ClientCalculator个实例来构造此客户端应用程序。

通常最佳做法是在配置中以声明方式指定绑定和地址信息，而不是在代码中以命令方式指定信息。在代码中定义终结点通常不可行，因为部署服务的绑定和地址通常不同于在开发服务时使用的终结点。更通常，将绑定和寻址信息保留到代码外，可以更改它们，而无需重新编译或重新部署应用程序。

可以使用配置编辑器工具（SvcConfigEditor.exe）执行以下所有配置步骤。

有关此示例的源副本，请参阅 BasicBinding 示例。

在配置中指定客户端绑定

使用命令行中的 Svcutil.exe 从服务元数据生成代码。

Svcutil.exe <service's Metadata Exchange (MEX) address or HTTP GET address>

生成的客户端包含 ICalculator 定义客户端实现必须满足的服务协定的接口。

[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
[System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples", ConfigurationName="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator")]
public interface ICalculator
{

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/AddResponse")]
    double Add(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/SubtractResponse")]
    double Subtract(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/MultiplyResponse")]
    double Multiply(double n1, double n2);

    [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Divide", ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/DivideResponse")]
    double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}

[ServiceContract]
public interface ICalculator
{
   [OperationContract]
   double Add(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
   [OperationContract]
   double Divide(double n1, double n2);
}

生成的客户端还包含了ClientCalculator的实现。

[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "3.0.0.0")]
public partial class CalculatorClient : System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator>, Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator
{

    public CalculatorClient()
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName) :
            base(endpointConfigurationName)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) :
            base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
            base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public CalculatorClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding, System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) :
            base(binding, remoteAddress)
    {
    }

    public double Add(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Add(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Subtract(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Multiply(n1, n2);
    }

    public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
    {
        return base.Channel.Divide(n1, n2);
    }
}

public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
   public double Add(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 + n2;
   }
   public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 - n2;
   }
   public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 * n2;
   }
   public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
   {
      return n1 / n2;
   }
}

Svcutil.exe 还会为使用该 BasicHttpBinding 类的客户端生成配置。使用 Visual Studio 时，将此文件命名为 App.config。请注意，地址和绑定信息未在服务的实现中的任何位置指定。此外，无需编写代码，才能从配置文件中检索该信息。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>

    <client>
      <endpoint 
          name=""
          address="http://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc" 
          binding="basicHttpBinding" 
          contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />
    </client>

    <bindings>
      <basicHttpBinding/>
    </bindings>

  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

在应用程序中创建 ClientCalculator 实例，然后调用服务操作。


using System;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client with given client endpoint configuration
            CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();

            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine($"Add({value1},{value2}) = {result}");

            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine($"Subtract({value1},{value2}) = {result}");

            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine($"Multiply({value1},{value2}) = {result}");

            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine($"Divide({value1},{value2}) = {result}");

            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
            client.Close();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

编译并运行客户端。

另请参阅

使用绑定配置服务和客户端

通过

如何在配置中指定客户端绑定

在配置中指定客户端绑定

另请参阅

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