网络管理员通常会向用户提出有关不打印或打印缓慢的打印作业的投诉。 Microsoft .NET Framework API 中公开的丰富打印作业属性集为执行打印作业的快速远程诊断提供了一种方法。
示例：
创建此类实用工具的主要步骤如下。
确定用户抱怨的打印作业。 用户通常无法准确地完成此操作。 他们可能不知道打印服务器或打印机的名称。 它们可能会用不同于设置打印机 Location 属性时所用的术语来描述打印机的位置。 因此，最好生成用户当前提交的作业的列表。 如果有多个，则用户与打印系统管理员之间的通信可用于查明存在问题的作业。 子步骤如下所示。
获取所有打印服务器的列表。
遍历服务器以查询其打印队列。
在服务器循环的每个周期中，循环遍历服务器的所有队列以查询其作业。
在队列循环中的每次处理，循环访问其作业，并收集关于由投诉用户提交的作业的标识信息。
发现有问题的打印作业后，请检查相关属性，了解问题可能是什么。 例如，作业处于错误状态，或者为队列提供服务的打印机在作业可以打印之前是否处于脱机状态？
下面的代码是一系列代码示例。 第一个代码示例展示了循环遍历打印队列的过程。 （上面的步骤 1c）。 myPrintQueues 变量是 PrintQueueCollection 当前打印服务器的对象。
该代码示例首先使用 PrintQueue.Refresh 刷新当前打印队列对象。 这可确保对象的属性准确表示它所表示的物理打印机的状态。 然后，应用程序会通过使用
接下来，应用程序遍历PrintSystemJobInfo集合，并将每个Submitter属性与投诉用户的别名进行比较。 如果匹配，应用程序会将有关作业的标识信息添加到将呈现的字符串中。 在应用程序中, 变量 userName 和 jobList 已经被初始化。
for each (PrintQueue^ pq in myPrintQueues)
{
pq->Refresh();
PrintJobInfoCollection^ jobs = pq->GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
for each (PrintSystemJobInfo^ job in jobs)
{
// Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
// present information about each job the user has submitted.
if (job->Submitter == userName)
{
atLeastOne = true;
jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq->Name;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq->Location;
jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job->JobName + " ID: " + job->JobIdentifier;
}
}
}
foreach (PrintQueue pq in myPrintQueues)
{
pq.Refresh();
PrintJobInfoCollection jobs = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
foreach (PrintSystemJobInfo job in jobs)
{
// Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
// present information about each job the user has submitted.
if (job.Submitter == userName)
{
atLeastOne = true;
jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq.Name;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq.Location;
jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job.JobName + " ID: " + job.JobIdentifier;
}
}// end for each print job
}// end for each print queue
For Each pq As PrintQueue In myPrintQueues
pq.Refresh()
Dim jobs As PrintJobInfoCollection = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection()
For Each job As PrintSystemJobInfo In jobs
' Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
' present information about each job the user has submitted.
If job.Submitter = userName Then
atLeastOne = True
jobList = jobList & vbLf & "Server:" & line
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Queue:" & pq.Name
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Location:" & pq.Location
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & vbTab & "Job: " & job.JobName & " ID: " & job.JobIdentifier
End If
Next job ' end for each print job
Next pq ' end for each print queue
下一个代码示例在步骤 2 中继续应用程序。 （见上文。）有问题的作业已被识别，应用程序会提示输入识别该作业的信息。 从此信息中创建 PrintServer对象、PrintQueue对象和PrintSystemJobInfo对象。
此时，应用程序包含对应于检查打印作业状态的两种方式的分支结构：
可以读取JobStatus属性的标志，该属性是PrintJobStatus类型。
此示例演示了这两种方法，因此在此之前会提示用户选择要使用的方法。如果用户想要使用 JobStatus 属性的标志，他们会响应“Y”。 有关这两种方法的详细信息，请参阅下文。 最后，应用程序使用一个名为 ReportQueueAndJobAvailability 的方法报告作业是否可以在一天中的这一时间打印。 此方法在 “发现打印作业是否可以在一天中的这个时间进行”中进行讨论。
// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console::Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " + "\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment::MachineName);
String^ pServer = Console::ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
pServer = "\\\\" + Environment::MachineName;
}
Console::Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String^ pQueue = Console::ReadLine();
Console::Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert::ToInt16(Console::ReadLine());
// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer^ hostingServer = gcnew PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue^ hostingQueue = gcnew PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob = hostingQueue->GetJob(jobID);
if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
} else
{
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}
TroubleSpotter::ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);
// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " +
"\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName);
String pServer = Console.ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
pServer = "\\\\" +Environment.MachineName;
}
Console.Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String pQueue = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine());
// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer hostingServer = new PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue hostingQueue = new PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo theJob = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID);
if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
}
else
{
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}
TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);
' When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\): " & vbLf & "(press Return for the current computer \\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName)
Dim pServer As String = Console.ReadLine()
If pServer = "" Then
pServer = "\\" & Environment.MachineName
End If
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print queue hosting the job: ")
Dim pQueue As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the job ID: ")
Dim jobID As Int16 = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine())
' Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
Dim hostingServer As New PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer)
Dim hostingQueue As New PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter)
Dim theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID)
If useAttributesResponse = "Y" Then
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob)
' TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
Else
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob)
End If
TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob)
若要使用属性的 JobStatus 标志检查打印作业状态，请检查每个相关标志，以查看它是否已设置。 要检查一组位标志中是否设置了某个位的标准方法是使用这组标志作为一个操作数，与另一操作数中的该标志本身执行逻辑 AND运算。 由于标志本身只设置了一个位，因此逻辑 AND 的结果最多就是设置了同一位。 若要了解它是否是，只需将逻辑 AND 的结果与标志本身进行比较。 有关详细信息，请参阅PrintJobStatus、和运算符（C# 参考）和FlagsAttribute。
对于设置了位的每个属性，代码会将其报告给控制台屏幕，有时建议采用响应方式。 （如果暂停作业或队列，则调用 的 HandlePausedJob 方法如下所述。
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Blocked) == PrintJobStatus::Blocked)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Completed) == PrintJobStatus::Completed)
||
((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printed) == PrintJobStatus::Printed))
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleted) == PrintJobStatus::Deleted)
||
((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleting) == PrintJobStatus::Deleting))
{
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Error) == PrintJobStatus::Error)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Offline) == PrintJobStatus::Offline)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus::PaperOut)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Paused) == PrintJobStatus::Paused)
||
((theJob->HostingPrintQueue->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Paused) == PrintQueueStatus::Paused))
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printing) == PrintJobStatus::Printing)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Spooling) == PrintJobStatus::Spooling)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
};
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Blocked) == PrintJobStatus.Blocked)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Completed) == PrintJobStatus.Completed)
||
((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printed) == PrintJobStatus.Printed))
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleted) == PrintJobStatus.Deleted)
||
((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleting) == PrintJobStatus.Deleting))
{
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Error) == PrintJobStatus.Error)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Offline) == PrintJobStatus.Offline)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus.PaperOut)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Paused) == PrintJobStatus.Paused)
||
((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Paused) == PrintQueueStatus.Paused))
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printing) == PrintJobStatus.Printing)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Spooling) == PrintJobStatus.Spooling)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
}//end SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes
' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Blocked) = PrintJobStatus.Blocked Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Completed) = PrintJobStatus.Completed) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printed) = PrintJobStatus.Printed) Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleted) = PrintJobStatus.Deleted) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleting) = PrintJobStatus.Deleting) Then
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Error) = PrintJobStatus.Error Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Offline) = PrintJobStatus.Offline Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) = PrintJobStatus.PaperOut Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Paused) = PrintJobStatus.Paused) OrElse ((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Paused) = PrintQueueStatus.Paused) Then
HandlePausedJob(theJob)
'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printing) = PrintJobStatus.Printing Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Spooling) = PrintJobStatus.Spooling Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) = PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
End If
End Sub
若要使用单独的属性检查打印作业状态，只需读取每个属性，如果属性是 true，请向控制台屏幕报告，并可能建议一种响应方式。 暂停作业或队列时调用的方法 HandlePausedJob 将在下文中讨论。
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
if (theJob->IsBlocked)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (theJob->IsCompleted || theJob->IsPrinted)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (theJob->IsDeleted || theJob->IsDeleting)
{
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if (theJob->IsInError)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if (theJob->IsOffline)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if (theJob->IsPaperOut)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (theJob->IsPaused || theJob->HostingPrintQueue->IsPaused)
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if (theJob->IsPrinting)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if (theJob->IsSpooling)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if (theJob->IsUserInterventionRequired)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
};
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
if (theJob.IsBlocked)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (theJob.IsCompleted || theJob.IsPrinted)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (theJob.IsDeleted || theJob.IsDeleting)
{
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if (theJob.IsInError)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if (theJob.IsOffline)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if (theJob.IsPaperOut)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (theJob.IsPaused || theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused)
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if (theJob.IsPrinting)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if (theJob.IsSpooling)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if (theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
}//end SpotTroubleUsingProperties
' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
If theJob.IsBlocked Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
End If
If theJob.IsCompleted OrElse theJob.IsPrinted Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
End If
If theJob.IsDeleted OrElse theJob.IsDeleting Then
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
End If
If theJob.IsInError Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
End If
If theJob.IsOffline Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
End If
If theJob.IsPaperOut Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
End If
If theJob.IsPaused OrElse theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused Then
HandlePausedJob(theJob)
'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
End If
If theJob.IsPrinting Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
End If
If theJob.IsSpooling Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
End If
If theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
End If
End Sub
HandlePausedJob 方法使应用程序的用户能够远程恢复暂停的作业。 由于打印队列暂停的原因可能很充分，因此该方法首先提示用户决定是否恢复它。 如果答案为“Y”，则 PrintQueue.Resume 调用该方法。
接下来，系统会提示用户决定是否应恢复作业本身，以防它独立于打印队列暂停。 （比较 PrintQueue.IsPaused 和 PrintSystemJobInfo.IsPaused.）如果答案为“Y”，则 PrintSystemJobInfo.Resume 调用;否则 Cancel 调用。
static void HandlePausedJob (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
// If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
// give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" + "\nhas paused the job or queue." + "\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
String^ resume = Console::ReadLine();
if (resume == "Y")
{
theJob->HostingPrintQueue->Resume();
// It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console::WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
String^ userDecision = Console::ReadLine();
if (userDecision == "Y")
{
theJob->Resume();
} else
{
theJob->Cancel();
}
}
};
internal static void HandlePausedJob(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
// If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
// give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" +
"\nhas paused the job or queue." +
"\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" +
"\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
String resume = Console.ReadLine();
if (resume == "Y")
{
theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume();
// It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" +
"\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
String userDecision = Console.ReadLine();
if (userDecision == "Y")
{
theJob.Resume();
}
else
{
theJob.Cancel();
}
}//end if the queue should be resumed
}//end HandlePausedJob
Friend Shared Sub HandlePausedJob(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
' If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
' give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" & vbLf & "has paused the job or queue." & vbLf & "Resume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume, otherwise press return: ")
Dim [resume] As String = Console.ReadLine()
If [resume] = "Y" Then
theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume()
' It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ")
Dim userDecision As String = Console.ReadLine()
If userDecision = "Y" Then
theJob.Resume()
Else
theJob.Cancel()
End If
End If 'end if the queue should be resumed
End Sub
