实现技能使用者

SimpleRootBot\appsettings.js开启

（可选）添加根机器人的标识信息，并为回声技能机器人添加应用程序或客户端 ID。

{
  "MicrosoftAppType": "",
  "MicrosoftAppId": "",
  "MicrosoftAppPassword": "",
  "MicrosoftAppTenantId": "",
  "SkillHostEndpoint": "http://localhost:3978/api/skills/",
  "BotFrameworkSkills": [
    {
      "Id": "EchoSkillBot",
      "AppId": "",
      "SkillEndpoint": "http://localhost:39783/api/messages"
    }
  ]
}

echo-skill-bot/.env

（可选）添加根机器人的标识信息，并为回声技能机器人添加应用程序或客户端 ID。

MicrosoftAppType=
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
MicrosoftAppTenantId=
SkillHostEndpoint=http://localhost:3978/api/skills/

SkillId=EchoSkillBot
SkillAppId=
SkillEndpoint=http://localhost:39783/api/messages

DialogRootBot\application.properties

（可选）添加根机器人的应用 ID 和密码，并将回显技能机器人的应用 ID 添加到 BotFrameworkSkills 数组中。

simple_root_bot/config.py

（可选）添加根机器人的应用程序ID和密码，并为回声技能机器人添加应用程序ID。

APP_ID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppId", "")
APP_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppPassword", "")
APP_TYPE = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppType", "MultiTenant")
APP_TENANTID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppTenantId", "")
SKILL_HOST_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:3978/api/skills"
SKILLS = [
    {
        "id": "EchoSkillBot",
        "app_id": "",
        "skill_endpoint": "http://localhost:39783/api/messages",
    },
]

# Callers to only those specified, '*' allows any caller.

SimpleRootBot\SkillsConfiguration.cs

public class SkillsConfiguration
{
    public SkillsConfiguration(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        var section = configuration?.GetSection("BotFrameworkSkills");
        var skills = section?.Get<BotFrameworkSkill[]>();
        if (skills != null)
        {
            foreach (var skill in skills)
            {
                Skills.Add(skill.Id, skill);
            }
        }

        var skillHostEndpoint = configuration?.GetValue<string>(nameof(SkillHostEndpoint));
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(skillHostEndpoint))
        {
            SkillHostEndpoint = new Uri(skillHostEndpoint);
        }
    }

    public Uri SkillHostEndpoint { get; }

    public Dictionary<string, BotFrameworkSkill> Skills { get; } = new Dictionary<string, BotFrameworkSkill>();
}

simple-root-bot/skillsConfiguration.js

 * A helper class that loads Skills information from configuration.
 */
class SkillsConfiguration {
    constructor() {
        this.skillsData = {};

        // Note: we only have one skill in this sample but we could load more if needed.
        const botFrameworkSkill = {
            id: process.env.SkillId,
            appId: process.env.SkillAppId,
            skillEndpoint: process.env.SkillEndpoint
        };

        this.skillsData[botFrameworkSkill.id] = botFrameworkSkill;

        this.skillHostEndpointValue = process.env.SkillHostEndpoint;
        if (!this.skillHostEndpointValue) {
            throw new Error('[SkillsConfiguration]: Missing configuration parameter. SkillHostEndpoint is required');
        }
    }

    get skills() {
        return this.skillsData;
    }

    get skillHostEndpoint() {
        return this.skillHostEndpointValue;

DialogRootBot\SkillsConfiguration.java

simple-root-bot/config.py

SKILLS: Dict[str, BotFrameworkSkill] = {
    skill["id"]: BotFrameworkSkill(**skill) for skill in DefaultConfig.SKILLS
}

SDK 提供的 SkillConversationIdFactory 类可跨任何技能使用，无需复制源代码。 对话 ID 中心在 Startup.cs 中配置。

SDK 提供的 SkillConversationIdFactory 类可跨任何技能使用，无需复制源代码。 对话 ID 中心在 index.js 中配置。

Java 已实现 SkillConversationIdFactory 类作为可跨任何技能使用的 SDK 类，无需复制源代码。 可在 botbuilder 包源代码 [Botbuilder JAVA SDK 代码] 中找到 SkillConversationIdFactory 的代码。

simple-root-bot/skill_conversation_id_factory.py

class SkillConversationIdFactory(ConversationIdFactoryBase):
    def __init__(self, storage: Storage):
        if not storage:
            raise TypeError("storage can't be None")

        self._storage = storage

    async def create_skill_conversation_id(
        self,
        options_or_conversation_reference: Union[
            SkillConversationIdFactoryOptions, ConversationReference
        ],
    ) -> str:
        if not options_or_conversation_reference:
            raise TypeError("Need options or conversation reference")

        if not isinstance(
            options_or_conversation_reference, SkillConversationIdFactoryOptions
        ):
            raise TypeError(
                "This SkillConversationIdFactory can only handle SkillConversationIdFactoryOptions"
            )

        options = options_or_conversation_reference

        # Create the storage key based on the SkillConversationIdFactoryOptions.
        conversation_reference = TurnContext.get_conversation_reference(
            options.activity
        )
        skill_conversation_id = (
            f"{conversation_reference.conversation.id}"
            f"-{options.bot_framework_skill.id}"
            f"-{conversation_reference.channel_id}"
            f"-skillconvo"
        )

        # Create the SkillConversationReference instance.
        skill_conversation_reference = SkillConversationReference(
            conversation_reference=conversation_reference,
            oauth_scope=options.from_bot_oauth_scope,
        )

        # Store the SkillConversationReference using the skill_conversation_id as a key.
        skill_conversation_info = {skill_conversation_id: skill_conversation_reference}
        await self._storage.write(skill_conversation_info)

        # Return the generated skill_conversation_id (that will be also used as the conversation ID to call the skill).
        return skill_conversation_id

    async def get_conversation_reference(
        self, skill_conversation_id: str
    ) -> Union[SkillConversationReference, ConversationReference]:
        if not skill_conversation_id:
            raise TypeError("skill_conversation_id can't be None")

        # Get the SkillConversationReference from storage for the given skill_conversation_id.
        skill_conversation_info = await self._storage.read([skill_conversation_id])

        return skill_conversation_info.get(skill_conversation_id)

    async def delete_conversation_reference(self, skill_conversation_id: str):
        await self._storage.delete([skill_conversation_id])

SimpleRootBot\Startup.cs

services.AddSingleton<IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter>(sp => sp.GetService<CloudAdapter>());
services.AddSingleton<BotAdapter>(sp => sp.GetService<CloudAdapter>());

simple-root-bot/index.js

// is restarted, anything stored in memory will be gone.
const memoryStorage = new MemoryStorage();
const conversationState = new ConversationState(memoryStorage);

// Create the conversationIdFactory

// Route received a request to adapter for processing

DialogRootBot\application.java

simple-root-bot/app.py

CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER = SimpleCredentialProvider(CONFIG.APP_ID, CONFIG.APP_PASSWORD)
CLIENT = SkillHttpClient(CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER, ID_FACTORY)

    ADAPTER, BOT, ID_FACTORY, CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER, AUTH_CONFIG
)

SimpleRootBot\Bots\RootBot.cs

根机器人依赖于聊天状态、技能信息、技能客户端和常规配置。 ASP.NET 通过依赖项注入提供这些对象。 根机器人还定义了一个聊天状态属性访问器，对哪项技能处于活动状态进行跟踪。

public static readonly string ActiveSkillPropertyName = $"{typeof(RootBot).FullName}.ActiveSkillProperty";
private readonly IStatePropertyAccessor<BotFrameworkSkill> _activeSkillProperty;
private readonly string _botId;
private readonly ConversationState _conversationState;
private readonly BotFrameworkAuthentication _auth;
private readonly SkillConversationIdFactoryBase _conversationIdFactory;
private readonly SkillsConfiguration _skillsConfig;
private readonly BotFrameworkSkill _targetSkill;

public RootBot(BotFrameworkAuthentication auth, ConversationState conversationState, SkillsConfiguration skillsConfig, SkillConversationIdFactoryBase conversationIdFactory, IConfiguration configuration)
{
    _auth = auth ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(auth));
    _conversationState = conversationState ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(conversationState));
    _skillsConfig = skillsConfig ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(skillsConfig));
    _conversationIdFactory = conversationIdFactory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(conversationIdFactory));

    if (configuration == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configuration));
    }

    _botId = configuration.GetSection(MicrosoftAppCredentials.MicrosoftAppIdKey)?.Value;

    // We use a single skill in this example.
    var targetSkillId = "EchoSkillBot";
    _skillsConfig.Skills.TryGetValue(targetSkillId, out _targetSkill);

    // Create state property to track the active skill
    _activeSkillProperty = conversationState.CreateProperty<BotFrameworkSkill>(ActiveSkillPropertyName);
}

此示例有一个帮助程序方法，用于将活动转发给技能。 它在调用技能之前保存聊天状态，并检查 HTTP 请求是否成功。

private async Task SendToSkill(ITurnContext turnContext, BotFrameworkSkill targetSkill, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    // NOTE: Always SaveChanges() before calling a skill so that any activity generated by the skill
    // will have access to current accurate state.
    await _conversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, force: true, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);

    // Create a conversationId to interact with the skill and send the activity
    var options = new SkillConversationIdFactoryOptions
    {
        FromBotOAuthScope = turnContext.TurnState.Get<string>(BotAdapter.OAuthScopeKey),
        FromBotId = _botId,
        Activity = turnContext.Activity,
        BotFrameworkSkill = targetSkill
    };
    var skillConversationId = await _conversationIdFactory.CreateSkillConversationIdAsync(options, cancellationToken);

    using var client = _auth.CreateBotFrameworkClient();

    // route the activity to the skill
    var response = await client.PostActivityAsync(_botId, targetSkill.AppId, targetSkill.SkillEndpoint, _skillsConfig.SkillHostEndpoint, skillConversationId, turnContext.Activity, cancellationToken);

    // Check response status
    if (!(response.Status >= 200 && response.Status <= 299))
    {
        throw new HttpRequestException($"Error invoking the skill id: \"{targetSkill.Id}\" at \"{targetSkill.SkillEndpoint}\" (status is {response.Status}). \r\n {response.Body}");
    }
}

需要注意的是，根机器人包含的逻辑可用于将活动转发到技能、在用户请求时启动技能，以及在技能完成时停止技能。

protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    if (turnContext.Activity.Text.Contains("skill"))
    {
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text("Got it, connecting you to the skill..."), cancellationToken);

        // Save active skill in state
        await _activeSkillProperty.SetAsync(turnContext, _targetSkill, cancellationToken);

        // Send the activity to the skill
        await SendToSkill(turnContext, _targetSkill, cancellationToken);
        return;
    }

    // just respond
    await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text("Me no nothin'. Say \"skill\" and I'll patch you through"), cancellationToken);

    // Save conversation state
    await _conversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, force: true, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
}

protected override async Task OnEndOfConversationActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IEndOfConversationActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    // forget skill invocation
    await _activeSkillProperty.DeleteAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);

    // Show status message, text and value returned by the skill
    var eocActivityMessage = $"Received {ActivityTypes.EndOfConversation}.\n\nCode: {turnContext.Activity.Code}";
    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(turnContext.Activity.Text))
    {
        eocActivityMessage += $"\n\nText: {turnContext.Activity.Text}";
    }

    if ((turnContext.Activity as Activity)?.Value != null)
    {
        eocActivityMessage += $"\n\nValue: {JsonConvert.SerializeObject((turnContext.Activity as Activity)?.Value)}";
    }

    await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text(eocActivityMessage), cancellationToken);

    // We are back at the root
    await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(MessageFactory.Text("Back in the root bot. Say \"skill\" and I'll patch you through"), cancellationToken);

    // Save conversation state
    await _conversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
}

simple-root-bot/rootBot.js

根机器人依赖于聊天状态、技能信息和技能客户端。 根机器人还定义了一个聊天状态属性访问器，对哪项技能处于活动状态进行跟踪。

class RootBot extends ActivityHandler {
    constructor(conversationState, skillsConfig, skillClient, conversationIdFactory) {
        super();
        if (!conversationState) throw new Error('[RootBot]: Missing parameter. conversationState is required');
        if (!skillsConfig) throw new Error('[RootBot]: Missing parameter. skillsConfig is required');
        if (!skillClient) throw new Error('[RootBot]: Missing parameter. skillClient is required');
        if (!conversationIdFactory) throw new Error('[RootBot]: Missing parameter. conversationIdFactory is required');

        this.conversationState = conversationState;
        this.skillsConfig = skillsConfig;

this.targetSkill = skillsConfig.skills[targetSkillId];

此示例有一个帮助程序方法，用于将活动转发给技能。 它在调用技能之前保存聊天状态，并检查 HTTP 请求是否成功。

}

async sendToSkill(context, targetSkill) {
    // NOTE: Always SaveChanges() before calling a skill so that any activity generated by the skill
    // will have access to current accurate state.
    await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, true);

    // Create a conversationId to interact with the skill and send the activity
    const skillConversationId = await this.conversationIdFactory.createSkillConversationIdWithOptions({
        fromBotOAuthScope: context.turnState.get(context.adapter.OAuthScopeKey),
        fromBotId: this.botId,
        activity: context.activity,
        botFrameworkSkill: this.targetSkill
    });

    // route the activity to the skill
    const response = await this.skillClient.postActivity(this.botId, targetSkill.appId, targetSkill.skillEndpoint, this.skillsConfig.skillHostEndpoint, skillConversationId, context.activity);

    // Check response status
    if (!(response.status >= 200 && response.status <= 299)) {
        throw new Error(`[RootBot]: Error invoking the skill id: "${ targetSkill.id }" at "${ targetSkill.skillEndpoint }" (status is ${ response.status }). \r\n ${ response.body }`);

需要注意的是，根机器人包含的逻辑可用于将活动转发到技能、在用户请求时启动技能，以及在技能完成时停止技能。

});

// See https://aka.ms/about-bot-activity-message to learn more about the message and other activity types.
this.onMessage(async (context, next) => {
    if (context.activity.text.toLowerCase() === 'skill') {
        await context.sendActivity('Got it, connecting you to the skill...');

        // Set active skill
        await this.activeSkillProperty.set(context, this.targetSkill);

        // Send the activity to the skill
        await this.sendToSkill(context, this.targetSkill);
    } else {
        await context.sendActivity("Me no nothin'. Say 'skill' and I'll patch you through");
    }

    // By calling next() you ensure that the next BotHandler is run.
    await next();
});

// Handle EndOfConversation returned by the skill.
this.onEndOfConversation(async (context, next) => {
    // Stop forwarding activities to Skill.
    await this.activeSkillProperty.set(context, undefined);

    // Show status message, text and value returned by the skill
    let eocActivityMessage = `Received ${ ActivityTypes.EndOfConversation }.\n\nCode: ${ context.activity.code }`;
    if (context.activity.text) {
        eocActivityMessage += `\n\nText: ${ context.activity.text }`;
    }

    if (context.activity.value) {
        eocActivityMessage += `\n\nValue: ${ context.activity.value }`;
    }

    await context.sendActivity(eocActivityMessage);

    // We are back at the root
    await context.sendActivity('Back in the root bot. Say \'skill\' and I\'ll patch you through');

    // Save conversation state
    await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, true);

    // By calling next() you ensure that the next BotHandler is run.

DialogRootBot\RootBot.java

根机器人依赖于聊天状态、技能信息、技能客户端和常规配置。 ASP.NET 通过依赖项注入提供这些对象。 根机器人还定义了一个聊天状态属性访问器，对哪项技能处于活动状态进行跟踪。

此示例有一个帮助程序方法，用于将活动转发给技能。 它在调用技能之前保存聊天状态，并检查 HTTP 请求是否成功。

需要注意的是，根机器人包含的逻辑可用于将活动转发到技能、在用户请求时启动技能，以及在技能完成时停止技能。

simple-root-bot/bots/root_bot.py

根机器人依赖于聊天状态、技能信息、技能客户端和常规配置。 根机器人还定义了一个聊天状态属性访问器，对哪项技能处于活动状态进行跟踪。

def __init__(
    self,
    conversation_state: ConversationState,
    skills_config: SkillConfiguration,
    skill_client: SkillHttpClient,
    config: DefaultConfig,
):
    self._bot_id = config.APP_ID
    self._skill_client = skill_client
    self._skills_config = skills_config
    self._conversation_state = conversation_state
    self._active_skill_property = conversation_state.create_property(
        ACTIVE_SKILL_PROPERTY_NAME
    )

此示例有一个帮助程序方法，用于将活动转发给技能。 它在调用技能之前保存聊天状态，并检查 HTTP 请求是否成功。

async def __send_to_skill(
    self, turn_context: TurnContext, target_skill: BotFrameworkSkill
):
    # NOTE: Always SaveChanges() before calling a skill so that any activity generated by the skill
    # will have access to current accurate state.
    await self._conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, force=True)

    # route the activity to the skill
    await self._skill_client.post_activity_to_skill(
        self._bot_id,
        target_skill,
        self._skills_config.SKILL_HOST_ENDPOINT,
        turn_context.activity,
    )

需要注意的是，根机器人包含的逻辑可用于将活动转发到技能、在用户请求时启动技能，以及在技能完成时停止技能。

async def on_message_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
    if "skill" in turn_context.activity.text:
        # Begin forwarding Activities to the skill
        await turn_context.send_activity(
            MessageFactory.text("Got it, connecting you to the skill...")
        )

        skill = self._skills_config.SKILLS[TARGET_SKILL_ID]
        # Save active skill in state
        await self._active_skill_property.set(turn_context, skill)

        # Send the activity to the skill
        await self.__send_to_skill(turn_context, skill)
    else:
        # just respond
        await turn_context.send_activity(
            MessageFactory.text(
                "Me no nothin'. Say \"skill\" and I'll patch you through"
            )
        )

async def on_end_of_conversation_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
    # forget skill invocation
    await self._active_skill_property.delete(turn_context)

    eoc_activity_message = f"Received {ActivityTypes.end_of_conversation}.\n\nCode: {turn_context.activity.code}"
    if turn_context.activity.text:
        eoc_activity_message = (
            eoc_activity_message + f"\n\nText: {turn_context.activity.text}"
        )

    if turn_context.activity.value:
        eoc_activity_message = (
            eoc_activity_message + f"\n\nValue: {turn_context.activity.value}"
        )

    await turn_context.send_activity(eoc_activity_message)

    # We are back
    await turn_context.send_activity(
        MessageFactory.text(
            'Back in the root bot. Say "skill" and I\'ll patch you through'
        )
    )

    await self._conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, force=True)

SimpleRootBot\AdapterWithErrorHandler.cs

在此示例中，轮次错误逻辑在几个帮助程序方法中进行拆分。

private async Task HandleTurnError(ITurnContext turnContext, Exception exception)
{
    // Log any leaked exception from the application.
    // NOTE: In production environment, you should consider logging this to
    // Azure Application Insights. Visit https://aka.ms/bottelemetry to see how
    // to add telemetry capture to your bot.
    _logger.LogError(exception, $"[OnTurnError] unhandled error : {exception.Message}");

    await SendErrorMessageAsync(turnContext, exception);
    await EndSkillConversationAsync(turnContext);
    await ClearConversationStateAsync(turnContext);
}

private async Task SendErrorMessageAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, Exception exception)
{
    try
    {
        // Send a message to the user
        var errorMessageText = "The bot encountered an error or bug.";
        var errorMessage = MessageFactory.Text(errorMessageText, errorMessageText, InputHints.IgnoringInput);
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(errorMessage);

        errorMessageText = "To continue to run this bot, please fix the bot source code.";
        errorMessage = MessageFactory.Text(errorMessageText, errorMessageText, InputHints.ExpectingInput);
        await turnContext.SendActivityAsync(errorMessage);

        // Send a trace activity, which will be displayed in the Bot Framework Emulator
        await turnContext.TraceActivityAsync("OnTurnError Trace", exception.ToString(), "https://www.botframework.com/schemas/error", "TurnError");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        _logger.LogError(ex, $"Exception caught in SendErrorMessageAsync : {ex}");
    }
}

private async Task EndSkillConversationAsync(ITurnContext turnContext)
{
    if (_skillsConfig == null)
    {
        return;
    }

    try
    {
        // Inform the active skill that the conversation is ended so that it has
        // a chance to clean up.
        // Note: ActiveSkillPropertyName is set by the RooBot while messages are being
        // forwarded to a Skill.
        var activeSkill = await _conversationState.CreateProperty<BotFrameworkSkill>(RootBot.ActiveSkillPropertyName).GetAsync(turnContext, () => null);
        if (activeSkill != null)
        {
            var botId = _configuration.GetSection(MicrosoftAppCredentials.MicrosoftAppIdKey)?.Value;

            var endOfConversation = Activity.CreateEndOfConversationActivity();
            endOfConversation.Code = "RootSkillError";
            endOfConversation.ApplyConversationReference(turnContext.Activity.GetConversationReference(), true);

            await _conversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, true);

            using var client = _auth.CreateBotFrameworkClient();

            await client.PostActivityAsync(botId, activeSkill.AppId, activeSkill.SkillEndpoint, _skillsConfig.SkillHostEndpoint, endOfConversation.Conversation.Id, (Activity)endOfConversation, CancellationToken.None);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        _logger.LogError(ex, $"Exception caught on attempting to send EndOfConversation : {ex}");
    }
}

private async Task ClearConversationStateAsync(ITurnContext turnContext)
{
    try
    {
        // Delete the conversationState for the current conversation to prevent the
        // bot from getting stuck in a error-loop caused by being in a bad state.
        // ConversationState should be thought of as similar to "cookie-state" in a Web pages.
        await _conversationState.DeleteAsync(turnContext);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        _logger.LogError(ex, $"Exception caught on attempting to Delete ConversationState : {ex}");
    }
}

simple-root-bot/index.js

const botFrameworkAuthentication = new ConfigurationBotFrameworkAuthentication(process.env, credentialsFactory, authConfig);

// Create adapter.
// See https://aka.ms/about-bot-adapter to learn more about how bots work.
const adapter = new CloudAdapter(botFrameworkAuthentication);

// Catch-all for errors.
adapter.onTurnError = async (context, error) => {
    // This check writes out errors to the console log, instead of to app insights.
    // NOTE: In production environment, you should consider logging this to Azure
    //       application insights. See https://aka.ms/bottelemetry for telemetry
    //       configuration instructions.
    console.error(`\n [onTurnError] unhandled error: ${ error }`);

    await sendErrorMessage(context, error);
    await endSkillConversation(context);
    await clearConversationState(context);
};

async function sendErrorMessage(context, error) {
    try {
        // Send a message to the user.
        let onTurnErrorMessage = 'The bot encountered an error or bug.';
        await context.sendActivity(onTurnErrorMessage, onTurnErrorMessage, InputHints.IgnoringInput);

        onTurnErrorMessage = 'To continue to run this bot, please fix the bot source code.';
        await context.sendActivity(onTurnErrorMessage, onTurnErrorMessage, InputHints.ExpectingInput);

        // Send a trace activity, which will be displayed in Bot Framework Emulator.
        await context.sendTraceActivity(
            'OnTurnError Trace',
            `${ error }`,
            'https://www.botframework.com/schemas/error',
            'TurnError'
        );
    } catch (err) {
        console.error(`\n [onTurnError] Exception caught in sendErrorMessage: ${ err }`);
    }
}

async function endSkillConversation(context) {
    try {
        // Inform the active skill that the conversation is ended so that it has
        // a chance to clean up.
        // Note: ActiveSkillPropertyName is set by the RooBot while messages are being
        // forwarded to a Skill.
        const activeSkill = await conversationState.createProperty(RootBot.ActiveSkillPropertyName).get(context);
        if (activeSkill) {
            const botId = process.env.MicrosoftAppId ?? '';

            let endOfConversation = {
                type: ActivityTypes.EndOfConversation,
                code: 'RootSkillError'
            };
            // @ts-ignore
            endOfConversation = TurnContext.applyConversationReference(
                endOfConversation, TurnContext.getConversationReference(context.activity), true);

            await conversationState.saveChanges(context, true);
            // @ts-ignore
            await skillClient.postActivity(botId, activeSkill.appId, activeSkill.skillEndpoint, skillsConfig.skillHostEndpoint, endOfConversation.conversation.id, endOfConversation);
        }
    } catch (err) {
        console.error(`\n [onTurnError] Exception caught on attempting to send EndOfConversation : ${ err }`);
    }
}

async function clearConversationState(context) {
    try {
        // Delete the conversationState for the current conversation to prevent the
        // bot from getting stuck in a error-loop caused by being in a bad state.
        // ConversationState should be thought of as similar to "cookie-state" in a Web page.
        await conversationState.delete(context);

DialogRootBot\SkillAdapterWithErrorHandler.java

在此示例中，轮次错误逻辑在几个帮助程序方法中进行拆分。

simple-root-bot/adapter_with_error_handler.py

    # This check writes out errors to console log
    # NOTE: In production environment, you should consider logging this to Azure
    #       application insights.
    print(f"\n [on_turn_error] unhandled error: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
    traceback.print_exc()
    await self._send_error_message(turn_context, error)
    await self._end_skill_conversation(turn_context, error)
    await self._clear_conversation_state(turn_context)

async def _send_error_message(self, turn_context: TurnContext, error: Exception):
    if not self._skill_client or not self._skill_config:
        return
    try:
        # Send a message to the user.
        error_message_text = "The skill encountered an error or bug."
        error_message = MessageFactory.text(
            error_message_text, error_message_text, InputHints.ignoring_input
        )
        await turn_context.send_activity(error_message)

        error_message_text = (
            "To continue to run this bot, please fix the bot source code."
        )
        error_message = MessageFactory.text(
            error_message_text, error_message_text, InputHints.ignoring_input
        )
        await turn_context.send_activity(error_message)

        # Send a trace activity, which will be displayed in Bot Framework Emulator.
        await turn_context.send_trace_activity(
            label="TurnError",
            name="on_turn_error Trace",
            value=f"{error}",
            value_type="https://www.botframework.com/schemas/error",
        )
    except Exception as exception:
        print(
            f"\n Exception caught on _send_error_message : {exception}",
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        traceback.print_exc()

async def _end_skill_conversation(
    self, turn_context: TurnContext, error: Exception
):
    if not self._skill_client or not self._skill_config:
        return

    try:
        # Inform the active skill that the conversation is ended so that it has a chance to clean up.
        # Note: the root bot manages the ActiveSkillPropertyName, which has a value while the root bot
        # has an active conversation with a skill.
        active_skill = await self._conversation_state.create_property(
            ACTIVE_SKILL_PROPERTY_NAME
        ).get(turn_context)

        if active_skill:
            bot_id = self._config.APP_ID
            end_of_conversation = Activity(type=ActivityTypes.end_of_conversation)
            end_of_conversation.code = "RootSkillError"
            TurnContext.apply_conversation_reference(
                end_of_conversation,
                TurnContext.get_conversation_reference(turn_context.activity),
                True,
            )

            await self._conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, True)
            await self._skill_client.post_activity_to_skill(
                bot_id,
                active_skill,
                self._skill_config.SKILL_HOST_ENDPOINT,
                end_of_conversation,
            )
    except Exception as exception:
        print(
            f"\n Exception caught on _end_skill_conversation : {exception}",
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        traceback.print_exc()

async def _clear_conversation_state(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
    try:
        # Delete the conversationState for the current conversation to prevent the
        # bot from getting stuck in a error-loop caused by being in a bad state.
        # ConversationState should be thought of as similar to "cookie-state" for a Web page.
        await self._conversation_state.delete(turn_context)
    except Exception as exception:
        print(
            f"\n Exception caught on _clear_conversation_state : {exception}",
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        traceback.print_exc()

SimpleRootBot\Controllers\SkillController.cs

[ApiController]
[Route("api/skills")]
public class SkillController : ChannelServiceController
{
    public SkillController(ChannelServiceHandlerBase handler)
        : base(handler)
    {
    }
}

simple-root-bot/index.js

    // Route received a request to adapter for processing
    await adapter.process(req, res, (context) => bot.run(context));
});

DialogRootBot\Controllers\SkillController.java

simple-root-bot/app.py

APP.router.add_post("/api/messages", messages)

SimpleRootBot\Startup.cs

// Register the skills configuration class
services.AddSingleton<SkillsConfiguration>();

// Register AuthConfiguration to enable custom claim validation.
services.AddSingleton(sp =>
{
    var allowedSkills = sp.GetService<SkillsConfiguration>().Skills.Values.Select(s => s.AppId).ToList();

    var claimsValidator = new AllowedSkillsClaimsValidator(allowedSkills);

    // If TenantId is specified in config, add the tenant as a valid JWT token issuer for Bot to Skill conversation.
    // The token issuer for MSI and single tenant scenarios will be the tenant where the bot is registered.
    var validTokenIssuers = new List<string>();
    var tenantId = sp.GetService<IConfiguration>().GetSection(MicrosoftAppCredentials.MicrosoftAppTenantIdKey)?.Value;

    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tenantId))
    {
        // For SingleTenant/MSI auth, the JWT tokens will be issued from the bot's home tenant.
        // Therefore, these issuers need to be added to the list of valid token issuers for authenticating activity requests.
        validTokenIssuers.Add(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, AuthenticationConstants.ValidTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV1, tenantId));
        validTokenIssuers.Add(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, AuthenticationConstants.ValidTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV2, tenantId));
        validTokenIssuers.Add(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, AuthenticationConstants.ValidGovernmentTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV1, tenantId));
        validTokenIssuers.Add(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, AuthenticationConstants.ValidGovernmentTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV2, tenantId));
    }

    return new AuthenticationConfiguration
    {
        ClaimsValidator = claimsValidator,
        ValidTokenIssuers = validTokenIssuers
    };
});

simple-root-bot/index.js

const { SkillsConfiguration } = require('./skillsConfiguration');

// Load skills configuration
const skillsConfig = new SkillsConfiguration();

const allowedSkills = Object.values(skillsConfig.skills).map(skill => skill.appId);

const claimsValidators = allowedCallersClaimsValidator(allowedSkills);

// If the MicrosoftAppTenantId is specified in the environment config, add the tenant as a valid JWT token issuer for Bot to Skill conversation.
// The token issuer for MSI and single tenant scenarios will be the tenant where the bot is registered.
let validTokenIssuers = [];
const { MicrosoftAppTenantId } = process.env;

if (MicrosoftAppTenantId) {
    // For SingleTenant/MSI auth, the JWT tokens will be issued from the bot's home tenant.
    // Therefore, these issuers need to be added to the list of valid token issuers for authenticating activity requests.
    validTokenIssuers = [
        `${ AuthenticationConstants.ValidTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV1 }${ MicrosoftAppTenantId }/`,
        `${ AuthenticationConstants.ValidTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV2 }${ MicrosoftAppTenantId }/v2.0/`,
        `${ AuthenticationConstants.ValidGovernmentTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV1 }${ MicrosoftAppTenantId }/`,
        `${ AuthenticationConstants.ValidGovernmentTokenIssuerUrlTemplateV2 }${ MicrosoftAppTenantId }/v2.0/`
    ];
}

// Define our authentication configuration.
const authConfig = new AuthenticationConfiguration([], claimsValidators, validTokenIssuers);

const credentialsFactory = new ConfigurationServiceClientCredentialFactory({
    MicrosoftAppId: process.env.MicrosoftAppId,
    MicrosoftAppPassword: process.env.MicrosoftAppPassword,
    MicrosoftAppType: process.env.MicrosoftAppType,
    MicrosoftAppTenantId: process.env.MicrosoftAppTenantId
});

DialogRootBot\Application.java

simple-root-bot/app.py

# Create adapter.
# See https://aka.ms/about-bot-adapter to learn more about how bots work.
SETTINGS = ConfigurationBotFrameworkAuthentication(
    CONFIG,
    auth_configuration=AUTH_CONFIG,
)

STORAGE = MemoryStorage()
CONVERSATION_STATE = ConversationState(STORAGE)

ID_FACTORY = SkillConversationIdFactory(STORAGE)
CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER = SimpleCredentialProvider(CONFIG.APP_ID, CONFIG.APP_PASSWORD)
CLIENT = SkillHttpClient(CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER, ID_FACTORY)

ADAPTER = AdapterWithErrorHandler(
    SETTINGS, CONFIG, CONVERSATION_STATE, CLIENT, SKILL_CONFIG
)

# Create the Bot
BOT = RootBot(CONVERSATION_STATE, SKILL_CONFIG, CLIENT, CONFIG)

SKILL_HANDLER = SkillHandler(
    ADAPTER, BOT, ID_FACTORY, CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER, AUTH_CONFIG
)


# Listen for incoming requests on /api/messages
async def messages(req: Request) -> Response:
    # Main bot message handler.
    if "application/json" in req.headers["Content-Type"]:
        body = await req.json()
    else:
        return Response(status=HTTPStatus.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE)

    activity = Activity().deserialize(body)
    auth_header = req.headers["Authorization"] if "Authorization" in req.headers else ""

    invoke_response = await ADAPTER.process_activity(auth_header, activity, BOT.on_turn)
    if invoke_response:
        return json_response(data=invoke_response.body, status=invoke_response.status)
    return Response(status=HTTPStatus.OK)