GroupBy演算子は、シーケンスの要素をグループ化します。 次の例では、Northwind データベースを使用します。
注
null 列値が GroupBy クエリに含まれると、InvalidOperationException がスローされることがあります。 詳細については、「トラブルシューティング」の「GroupBy InvalidOperationException」セクション を参照してください。
例 1
次の例では、ProductsでCategoryIDパーティションを示します。
IQueryable<IGrouping<Int32?, Product>> prodQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
select grouping;
foreach (IGrouping<Int32?, Product> grp in prodQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\nCategoryID Key = {grp.Key}:");
foreach (Product listing in grp)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\t{listing.ProductName}");
}
}
Dim prodQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group
For Each grp In prodQuery
Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "CategoryID Key = {0}:", _
grp.CategoryID)
For Each listing In grp.grouping
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & listing.ProductName)
Next
Next
例 2
次の例では、 Max を使用して、各 CategoryIDの最大単価を検索します。
var q =
from p in db.Products
group p by p.CategoryID into g
select new
{
g.Key,
MaxPrice = g.Max(p => p.UnitPrice)
};
Dim query = From p In db.Products _
Group p By p.CategoryID Into g = Group _
Select CategoryID, MaxPrice = g.Max(Function(p) p.UnitPrice)
例 3
次の例では、Average を使用して、各UnitPriceの平均CategoryIDを検索します。
var q2 =
from p in db.Products
group p by p.CategoryID into g
select new
{
g.Key,
AveragePrice = g.Average(p => p.UnitPrice)
};
Dim q2 = From p In db.Products _
Group p By p.CategoryID Into g = Group _
Select CategoryID, AveragePrice = g.Average(Function(p) _
p.UnitPrice)
例 4
次の例では、Sumを使用して、各UnitPriceの合計CategoryIDを検索します。
var priceQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
select new
{
grouping.Key,
TotalPrice = grouping.Sum(p => p.UnitPrice)
};
foreach (var grp in priceQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("Category = {0}, Total price = {1}",
grp.Key, grp.TotalPrice);
}
Dim priceQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
Select CategoryID, TotalPrice = grouping.Sum(Function(p) _
p.UnitPrice)
For Each grp In priceQuery
Console.WriteLine("Category = {0}, Total price = {1}", _
grp.CategoryID, grp.TotalPrice)
Next
例 5
次の例では、Countを使用して、各Productsで廃止されたCategoryIDの数を検索します。
var disconQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
select new
{
grouping.Key,
NumProducts = grouping.Count(p => p.Discontinued)
};
foreach (var prodObj in disconQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Discontinued# = {1}",
prodObj.Key, prodObj.NumProducts);
}
Dim disconQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
Select CategoryID, NumProducts = grouping.Count(Function(p) _
p.Discontinued)
For Each prodObj In disconQuery
Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Discontinued# = {1}", _
prodObj.CategoryID, prodObj.NumProducts)
Next
例 6
次の例では、次の where 句を使用して、少なくとも 10 個の製品を含むすべてのカテゴリを検索します。
var prodCountQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by prod.CategoryID into grouping
where grouping.Count() >= 10
select new
{
grouping.Key,
ProductCount = grouping.Count()
};
foreach (var prodCount in prodCountQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Product count = {1}",
prodCount.Key, prodCount.ProductCount);
}
Dim prodCountQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By prod.CategoryID Into grouping = Group _
Where grouping.Count >= 10 _
Select CategoryID, ProductCount = grouping.Count
For Each prodCount In prodCountQuery
Console.WriteLine("CategoryID = {0}, Product count = {1}", _
prodCount.CategoryID, prodCount.ProductCount)
Next
例 7
次の例では、製品を CategoryID および SupplierIDごとにグループ化します。
var prodQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by new
{
prod.CategoryID,
prod.SupplierID
}
into grouping
select new { grouping.Key, grouping };
foreach (var grp in prodQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nCategoryID {0}, SupplierID {1}",
grp.Key.CategoryID, grp.Key.SupplierID);
foreach (var listing in grp.grouping)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\t{listing.ProductName}");
}
}
Dim prodQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By Key = New With {prod.CategoryID, prod.SupplierID} _
Into grouping = Group
For Each grp In prodQuery
Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "CategoryID {0}, SupplierID {1}", _
grp.Key.CategoryID, grp.Key.SupplierID)
For Each listing In grp.grouping
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & listing.ProductName)
Next
Next
例 8
次の例では、2 つの製品シーケンスを返します。 最初のシーケンスには、単価が 10 以下の製品が含まれています。 2 番目のシーケンスには、単価が 10 を超える製品が含まれています。
var priceQuery =
from prod in db.Products
group prod by new
{
Criterion = prod.UnitPrice > 10
}
into grouping
select grouping;
foreach (var prodObj in priceQuery)
{
if (prodObj.Key.Criterion == false)
Console.WriteLine("Prices 10 or less:");
else
Console.WriteLine("\nPrices greater than 10");
foreach (var listing in prodObj)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", listing.ProductName,
listing.UnitPrice);
}
}
Dim priceQuery = From prod In db.Products _
Group prod By Key = New With {.Criterion = prod.UnitPrice > 10} _
Into grouping = Group Select Key, grouping
For Each prodObj In priceQuery
If prodObj.Key.Criterion = False Then
Console.WriteLine("Prices 10 or less:")
Else
Console.WriteLine("\nPrices greater than 10")
For Each listing In prodObj.grouping
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", listing.ProductName, _
listing.UnitPrice)
Next
End If
Next
例
GroupBy演算子は、1 つのキー引数のみを受け取ることができます。 複数のキーでグループ化する必要がある場合は、次の例のように匿名型を作成する必要があります。
var custRegionQuery =
from cust in db.Customers
group cust.ContactName by new { City = cust.City, Region = cust.Region };
foreach (var grp in custRegionQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\nLocation Key: {grp.Key}");
foreach (var listing in grp)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\t{listing}");
}
}
Dim custRegionQuery = From cust In db.Customers _
Group cust.ContactName By Key = New With _
{cust.City, cust.Region} Into grouping = Group
For Each grp In custRegionQuery
Console.WriteLine(vbNewLine & "Location Key: {0}", grp.Key)
For Each listing In grp.grouping
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}", listing)
Next
Next