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El Microsoft Windows esquema de impresión incluye los elementos PrintCapabilities y PrintTicket flexibles y extensibles. El primero de ellos detalla las funciones de un dispositivo de impresión y el segundo especifica se deben usar funciones en el dispositivo con respecto a una secuencia determinada de documentos, un documento individual o una página individual.
A continuación se indica una secuencia típica de tareas para una aplicación que admite la impresión.
Determinar las funciones de una impresora.
Configurar una PrintTicket para utilizar esas funciones.
Validar la solicitud de impresión (PrintTicket).
En este artículo se muestra cómo hacerlo.
Ejemplo
En el ejemplo simple siguiente, lo único que nos interesa es saber si una impresora admite la impresión a dos caras. A continuación se enumeran los pasos principales.
Obtenga un objeto PrintCapabilities mediante el método GetPrintCapabilities.
Compruebe la presencia de la función que desea. En el ejemplo siguiente, se prueba la propiedad DuplexingCapability del objeto PrintCapabilities para comprobar si está presente la función de impresión a dos caras girando la página sobre el lado largo de la hoja. Puesto que DuplexingCapability es una colección, se usa el método Contains de ReadOnlyCollection<T>.
.gif "Nota")
NotaEste paso no es estrictamente necesario.El método MergeAndValidatePrintTicket que se utiliza a continuación comprueba cada solicitud de PrintTicket con respecto a las funciones de la impresora.Si la impresora no admite la función solicitada, en su lugar el controlador de impresora utiliza una solicitud alternativa en la PrintTicket devuelto por el método.
Si la impresora admite la impresión a dos caras, el ejemplo de código crea una PrintTicket, que solicita la impresión a dos caras. Pero la aplicación no especifica cada posible configuración de impresora disponible en el elemento PrintTicket. Esto malgastaría tiempo de programación y tiempo de ejecución del programa. En lugar de ello, en el código se establece únicamente la solicitud de impresión a dos caras y, a continuación, se combina PrintTicket con otra PrintTicket totalmente configurada y validada. En este caso, se utiliza la PrintTicket predeterminada del usuario.
En consecuencia, en el ejemplo se llama al método MergeAndValidatePrintTicket para combinar la nueva PrintTicket mínima con la PrintTicket predeterminada del usuario. Esto devuelve un ValidationResult que incluye la nueva PrintTicket como una de sus propiedades.
A continuación, en el ejemplo se comprueba que la nueva PrintTicket solicita la impresión a dos caras. Si lo hace, entonces se convierte en la nueva solicitud de impresión predeterminada del usuario. Si se omitiera el paso 2 anterior y la impresora no admite la impresión a dos caras con giro en el lado largo, entonces el resultado de la prueba sería false. (Consulte la nota anterior.)
El último paso significativo es confirmar el cambio a la propiedad UserPrintTicket de PrintQueue con el método Commit.
''' <summary>
''' Changes the user-default PrintTicket setting of the specified print queue.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="queue">the printer whose user-default PrintTicket setting needs to be changed</param>
Private Shared Sub ChangePrintTicketSetting(ByVal queue As PrintQueue)
'
' Obtain the printer's PrintCapabilities so we can determine whether or not
' duplexing printing is supported by the printer.
'
Dim printcap As PrintCapabilities = queue.GetPrintCapabilities()
'
' The printer's duplexing capability is returned as a read-only collection of duplexing options
' that can be supported by the printer. If the collection returned contains the duplexing
' option we want to set, it means the duplexing option we want to set is supported by the printer,
' so we can make the user-default PrintTicket setting change.
'
If printcap.DuplexingCapability.Contains(Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge) Then
'
' To change the user-default PrintTicket, we can first create a delta PrintTicket with
' the new duplexing setting.
'
Dim deltaTicket As New PrintTicket()
deltaTicket.Duplexing = Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge
'
' Then merge the delta PrintTicket onto the printer's current user-default PrintTicket,
' and validate the merged PrintTicket to get the new PrintTicket we want to set as the
' printer's new user-default PrintTicket.
'
Dim result As ValidationResult = queue.MergeAndValidatePrintTicket(queue.UserPrintTicket, deltaTicket)
'
' The duplexing option we want to set could be constrained by other PrintTicket settings
' or device settings. We can check the validated merged PrintTicket to see whether the
' the validation process has kept the duplexing option we want to set unchanged.
'
If result.ValidatedPrintTicket.Duplexing = Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge Then
'
' Set the printer's user-default PrintTicket and commit the set operation.
'
queue.UserPrintTicket = result.ValidatedPrintTicket
queue.Commit()
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is set on '{0}'.", queue.FullName)
Else
'
' The duplexing option we want to set has been changed by the validation process
' when it was resolving setting constraints.
'
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is constrained on '{0}'.", queue.FullName)
End If
Else
'
' If the printer doesn't support the duplexing option we want to set, skip it.
'
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is not supported on '{0}'.", queue.FullName)
End If
End Sub
/// <summary>
/// Changes the user-default PrintTicket setting of the specified print queue.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="queue">the printer whose user-default PrintTicket setting needs to be changed</param>
static private void ChangePrintTicketSetting(PrintQueue queue)
{
//
// Obtain the printer's PrintCapabilities so we can determine whether or not
// duplexing printing is supported by the printer.
//
PrintCapabilities printcap = queue.GetPrintCapabilities();
//
// The printer's duplexing capability is returned as a read-only collection of duplexing options
// that can be supported by the printer. If the collection returned contains the duplexing
// option we want to set, it means the duplexing option we want to set is supported by the printer,
// so we can make the user-default PrintTicket setting change.
//
if (printcap.DuplexingCapability.Contains(Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge))
{
//
// To change the user-default PrintTicket, we can first create a delta PrintTicket with
// the new duplexing setting.
//
PrintTicket deltaTicket = new PrintTicket();
deltaTicket.Duplexing = Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge;
//
// Then merge the delta PrintTicket onto the printer's current user-default PrintTicket,
// and validate the merged PrintTicket to get the new PrintTicket we want to set as the
// printer's new user-default PrintTicket.
//
ValidationResult result = queue.MergeAndValidatePrintTicket(queue.UserPrintTicket, deltaTicket);
//
// The duplexing option we want to set could be constrained by other PrintTicket settings
// or device settings. We can check the validated merged PrintTicket to see whether the
// the validation process has kept the duplexing option we want to set unchanged.
//
if (result.ValidatedPrintTicket.Duplexing == Duplexing.TwoSidedLongEdge)
{
//
// Set the printer's user-default PrintTicket and commit the set operation.
//
queue.UserPrintTicket = result.ValidatedPrintTicket;
queue.Commit();
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is set on '{0}'.", queue.FullName);
}
else
{
//
// The duplexing option we want to set has been changed by the validation process
// when it was resolving setting constraints.
//
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is constrained on '{0}'.", queue.FullName);
}
}
else
{
//
// If the printer doesn't support the duplexing option we want to set, skip it.
//
Console.WriteLine("PrintTicket new duplexing setting is not supported on '{0}'.", queue.FullName);
}
}
Para que pueda probar rápidamente este ejemplo, se presenta el resto del mismo a continuación. Cree un proyecto y un espacio de nombres y, a continuación, pegue los dos fragmentos de código de este artículo en el bloque de espacio de nombres.
''' <summary>
''' Displays the correct command line syntax to run this sample program.
''' </summary>
Private Shared Sub DisplayUsage()
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Usage #1: printticket.exe -l ""<printer_name>""")
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on the specified local printer")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine(" Quotation marks may be omitted if there are no spaces in printer_name.")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Usage #2: printticket.exe -r ""\\<server_name>\<printer_name>""")
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on the specified network printer")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine(" Quotation marks may be omitted if there are no spaces in server_name or printer_name.")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Usage #3: printticket.exe -a")
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on all installed printers")
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
<STAThread>
Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
Try
If (args.Length = 1) AndAlso (args(0) = "-a") Then
'
' Change PrintTicket setting for all local and network printer connections.
'
Dim server As New LocalPrintServer()
Dim queue_types() As EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes = {EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Local, EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Connections}
'
' Enumerate through all the printers.
'
For Each queue As PrintQueue In server.GetPrintQueues(queue_types)
'
' Change the PrintTicket setting queue by queue.
'
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue)
Next queue 'end if -a
ElseIf (args.Length = 2) AndAlso (args(0) = "-l") Then
'
' Change PrintTicket setting only for the specified local printer.
'
Dim server As New LocalPrintServer()
Dim queue As New PrintQueue(server, args(1))
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue) 'end if -l
ElseIf (args.Length = 2) AndAlso (args(0) = "-r") Then
'
' Change PrintTicket setting only for the specified remote printer.
'
Dim serverName As String = args(1).Remove(args(1).LastIndexOf("\"))
Dim printerName As String = args(1).Remove(0, args(1).LastIndexOf("\")+1)
Dim ps As New PrintServer(serverName)
Dim queue As New PrintQueue(ps, printerName)
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue) 'end if -r
Else
'
' Unrecognized command line.
' Show user the correct command line syntax to run this sample program.
'
DisplayUsage()
End If
Catch e As Exception
Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace)
'
' Show inner exception information if it's provided.
'
If e.InnerException IsNot Nothing Then
Console.WriteLine("--- Inner Exception ---")
Console.WriteLine(e.InnerException.Message)
Console.WriteLine(e.InnerException.StackTrace)
End If
Finally
Console.WriteLine("Press Return to continue...")
Console.ReadLine()
End Try
End Sub 'end Main
/// <summary>
/// Displays the correct command line syntax to run this sample program.
/// </summary>
static private void DisplayUsage()
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Usage #1: printticket.exe -l \"<printer_name>\"");
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on the specified local printer");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Quotation marks may be omitted if there are no spaces in printer_name.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Usage #2: printticket.exe -r \"\\\\<server_name>\\<printer_name>\"");
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on the specified network printer");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Quotation marks may be omitted if there are no spaces in server_name or printer_name.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Usage #3: printticket.exe -a");
Console.WriteLine(" Run program on all installed printers");
Console.WriteLine();
}
[STAThread]
static public void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
if ((args.Length == 1) && (args[0] == "-a"))
{
//
// Change PrintTicket setting for all local and network printer connections.
//
LocalPrintServer server = new LocalPrintServer();
EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes[] queue_types = {EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Local,
EnumeratedPrintQueueTypes.Connections};
//
// Enumerate through all the printers.
//
foreach (PrintQueue queue in server.GetPrintQueues(queue_types))
{
//
// Change the PrintTicket setting queue by queue.
//
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue);
}
}//end if -a
else if ((args.Length == 2) && (args[0] == "-l"))
{
//
// Change PrintTicket setting only for the specified local printer.
//
LocalPrintServer server = new LocalPrintServer();
PrintQueue queue = new PrintQueue(server, args[1]);
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue);
}//end if -l
else if ((args.Length == 2) && (args[0] == "-r"))
{
//
// Change PrintTicket setting only for the specified remote printer.
//
String serverName = args[1].Remove(args[1].LastIndexOf(@"\"));
String printerName = args[1].Remove(0, args[1].LastIndexOf(@"\")+1);
PrintServer ps = new PrintServer(serverName);
PrintQueue queue = new PrintQueue(ps, printerName);
ChangePrintTicketSetting(queue);
}//end if -r
else
{
//
// Unrecognized command line.
// Show user the correct command line syntax to run this sample program.
//
DisplayUsage();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
//
// Show inner exception information if it's provided.
//
if (e.InnerException != null)
{
Console.WriteLine("--- Inner Exception ---");
Console.WriteLine(e.InnerException.Message);
Console.WriteLine(e.InnerException.StackTrace);
}
}
finally
{
Console.WriteLine("Press Return to continue...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}//end Main
Vea también
Referencia
Conceptos
Información general sobre impresión