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| 我国研究生就业人口集聚的多维透视及动态演进分析 |
| A Dynamic Evolution Analysis of the Employment Concentration of Master Graduates in China from a Multidimensional Perspective |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-29 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2025.04.08 |
| 中文关键词: 研究生;就业人口;集聚;动态演进 |
| 英文关键词: postgraduates;employed population;concentration;dynamic evolution |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目"'互联网+’时代研究生教育管理变革与创新研究"(71834001) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李明磊 | 北京理工大学 教育学院, 北京 100081 | | 邱钰超 | 北京理工大学 教育学院, 北京 100081 | | 王靖 | 北京理工大学 教育学院, 北京 100081 | | 王战军 | 北京理工大学 教育学院, 北京 100081 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于经济地理学及人力资本外溢性理论,建立研究生就业人口集聚分析框架,构造了31个省域2000—2020年面板数据集,使用空间统计分析方法,探索我国研究生就业人口的规模态势、集聚层级、集聚水平、集聚模式等,进一步归纳其时空动态演进特征。结果表明,我国研究生就业人口集聚格局总体上与经济社会发展、研究生教育发展水平及人口分布态势相适应;两极分化明显,且随时间推移加剧,马太效应愈演愈烈。具体而言,"东密西疏"规模态势显著且存在空间惯性,东部集聚带状分布态势持续强化;北京、上海始终为两大集聚增长极,超半数省域集聚效应不显著;就业人口分布存在正向空间相关性,但时空跃迁并不活跃;存在"高—高、低—低、低—高、高—低"四类集聚模式,就业人口集聚高地与洼地长期并存。由此,亟须深化"人才链—产业链—创新链"需求耦合与协同联动、驱动研究生学历就业人口规模提升与空间优化;充分发挥集聚核心区资源优势、改善人才结构;积极发挥研究生就业集聚的溢出效应、优化区域资源配置;通过政策引导研究生就业人口流动、缓解就业集聚格局的非均衡性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The current employment population concentration of master graduates is of decisive significance for accelerating the formation of new high-quality productive forces and promoting regional high-quality economic development. Based on geonomics and human capital spillover theory, this study creates a framework for analyzing population distribution of master graduates and generates panel datasets for 31 provincial administrative regions over the period of 2000 to 2020. By using spatial statistical analysis methods, this paper primarily explores the scale trend, distribution tiers, level, and mode of the employment population of master graduates in China, and further summarizes the population’s spatiotemporal dynamic evolution characteristics. The outcomes indicate that the current employment population concentration of master’s degree holders in China generally aligns with the levels of economic and social development, postgraduate education development, and population distribution. However, there is a pronounced polarization that has intensified over time, with the Matthew Effect becoming increasingly prominent. Specifically speaking, the distribution pattern featuring "dense in the east and sparse in the west" is significant and exhibits spatial inertia, with the concentration belt in eastern China showing a growth trend; Beijing and Shanghai have consistently been the two major growth poles, but more than half of the provincial administrative regions have had insignificant effects on concentration; The employment population distribution of master graduates shows positive spatial correlation, but the spatiotemporal transitions are not active; in terms of concentration mode, there are four types, i.e. "high-high", "low-high", "high-low", and "low-low", with employment "highlands" and "lowlands" coexisting in the long term. Therefore, the authors believe that we urgently need to strengthen the demand coupling and collaborative interaction between the "talent chain, industry chain, and innovation chain" to expand and optimize the employment of master graduates; we should leverage and give full play to the resource advantages of the core areas and improve the talent structure; we should make good use of the spillover effects of the master graduate employment concentration and optimize regional resource allocation; and we should employ policies to guide the employment mobility of master’s degree holders and alleviate the imbalance in the employment distribution. |
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